Certification Study Guide
2026/2027
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, Salmonella - Prevention avoid cross contamination, maintain personal hygiene, clean workspaces, cook
foods properly
Shigella - Cause Pests or human-to-human by infected feces. Shigella is a bacteria found in the
digestive tract of humans
Shigella - Infection develops within 2-3 days of exposure
Shigella - Symptoms loose, watery stool. Dysentery in severe cases
Shigella - Prevention may spread to others through contaminated stool up to 4 weeks after
symptoms have passed
Norovirus - Cause food items or water sources contaminated with infected feces or fluids
Norovirus - Infection sudden onset, 1-2 days, extremely contagious
Norovirus - Symptoms gastroenteritis or "stomach flu"
Norovirus - Prevention can be infectious three days - two weeks after recovery
E.Coli - Cause Poor processing and handling of food that has been contaminated (i.e.
manure-based fertilizers). Bacteria found in digestive tract of humans, most
strains harmless.
E. Coli - Infection develops within 3-4 days
E. Coli - Symptoms bloody diarrhea, severe cases cause blood problems and kidney failure
E. Coli - Prevention proper handling and cooking to safe temperatures, proper hand washing after
restroom, proper fruit and veg washing
Hepatitis A - Cause raw or undercooked shellfish harvested from polluted waters, other infected
individuals, cold cuts, fresh squeeze juices, raw fruits and veg, water
contaminated with sewage
Hepatitis A - Infection sudden onset, lasts less than two months
Hepatitis A - Symptoms fever, nausea, loss of appetite, abdominal discomfort, dark urine, jaundice