WGU D236
WGU D236
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dmq3pd
1. Albumin Major solute of blood
2. Electrolytes negative and positive charged
3. Two major functions of elec- Deliver Nutrients and electricity to cells
trolytes
Carry away waste products from cellular metabolism
4. Intracellular Fluid the fluid contained within cells
5. Extracellular fluid body fluids located outside of cells-Most found in the intravas-
cular compartment or blood vessels. ECF contains electrolytes,
oxygen, glucose and other nutrients to be delivered to cell as well
as cellular wast products excretion.
6. ISF interstitial fluid
filtrate of blood. Located between the cells and capillaries.It lacks
proteins because they are too large to diffuse out of the blood
vessels into the interstitial spaces. During inflammation capillary
membranes become extra-permeable. The pores enlarge, allow-
ing proteins like WBC out to the tissues.
7. Hydrostatic pressure the pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out
of the vessel
8. Diffusion The process by which molecules passively spread from areas
of high concentration to areas of low concentration. H2O and
electrolytes diffuse from high to low concentration until an equi-
librium is reached.
9. Osmosis The tendency of molecules of a solvent to pass through a semi-
permeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a
more concentrated one, equalizing the concentration on each
, WGU D236
WGU D236
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dmq3pd
side of the membrane. H2O and electrolytes move through the
cell's semi-permeable membrane. A semipermeable membrane
selectively allows some molecules through its pores and obstructs
others according to size.
10. facilitated transport the passing of certain molecules through the plasma membrane
with assistance from carrier proteins
11. Active transport When a substance requires energy to pass through a membrane
against a concentration gradient. Sodium and Potassium require
this using the sodium/potassium pump with is in the plasma
membrane to retain potassium as the major extra cellular ion.
Sodium is a solute that draws H20 with it.
12. Sterlings law Hydrostatic pressure pushed water outward from the ECF to the
ICF at the capillary cell interface.
Swelling can be decreased by using Epsom salts which is hypo-
tonic magnesium salt solution.
13. Osmotic pressure the pressure exerted by the solutes in solution.
14. Oncotic pressure Also called colloidal oncotic pressure. Refers to the force exerted
specifically by albumin in the bloodstream. Good fact to know is
that albumin is indicative of the protein nutritional status of the
body so low albumin means poor nutritional status.
15. Normal Albumin Levels 3.1-4.3 g/dL
16. Osmolarity Measurement of the concentration of solutes per kg of solvent.
Can be used to determine the body's hydration status.
17. Tonicity Refers to the concentration of solutes in solution compared with
the bloodstream.
, WGU D236
WGU D236
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dmq3pd
18. Isotonic Solution Normal Saline
Same tonicity of blood. It does not cause fluid shifts or alter the
cell size.
19. Hypotonic solution Fewer particles. More H20 than blood and body fluids.
When infused, H20 is added to the bloodstream. Causes a fluid
shift from ECF to ICF to deliver water to the body. Ex: 1/2 NS.
20. LR Commonly used as a replacement for blood
21. RAAS System renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
22. Renin an enzyme released by the kidney when reduced blood pressure
is detected by baroreceptors in aorta and carotid arteries
23. Angiotensin A normal blood protein produced by the liver, angiotensin is con-
verted to angiotensin I by renin (secreted by kidney when blood
pressure falls). Angiotensin I is further converted to angiotensin
II by ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme). Angiotensin II is a
powerful systemic vasoconstrictor and stimulator of aldosterone
release, both of which result in an increase in blood pressure.
24. ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE inhibitors treat hyperten-
sion)
25. Sequestered Fluids fluid accumulates in body cavities normally free of fluids
26. Fluid volume overload Excess amount of water in the bloodstream. Leads to edema. Also
seen in certain cancers that secrete ADH, causing a syndrome of
inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. SIADH
27. Dehydration
WGU D236
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dmq3pd
1. Albumin Major solute of blood
2. Electrolytes negative and positive charged
3. Two major functions of elec- Deliver Nutrients and electricity to cells
trolytes
Carry away waste products from cellular metabolism
4. Intracellular Fluid the fluid contained within cells
5. Extracellular fluid body fluids located outside of cells-Most found in the intravas-
cular compartment or blood vessels. ECF contains electrolytes,
oxygen, glucose and other nutrients to be delivered to cell as well
as cellular wast products excretion.
6. ISF interstitial fluid
filtrate of blood. Located between the cells and capillaries.It lacks
proteins because they are too large to diffuse out of the blood
vessels into the interstitial spaces. During inflammation capillary
membranes become extra-permeable. The pores enlarge, allow-
ing proteins like WBC out to the tissues.
7. Hydrostatic pressure the pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out
of the vessel
8. Diffusion The process by which molecules passively spread from areas
of high concentration to areas of low concentration. H2O and
electrolytes diffuse from high to low concentration until an equi-
librium is reached.
9. Osmosis The tendency of molecules of a solvent to pass through a semi-
permeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a
more concentrated one, equalizing the concentration on each
, WGU D236
WGU D236
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dmq3pd
side of the membrane. H2O and electrolytes move through the
cell's semi-permeable membrane. A semipermeable membrane
selectively allows some molecules through its pores and obstructs
others according to size.
10. facilitated transport the passing of certain molecules through the plasma membrane
with assistance from carrier proteins
11. Active transport When a substance requires energy to pass through a membrane
against a concentration gradient. Sodium and Potassium require
this using the sodium/potassium pump with is in the plasma
membrane to retain potassium as the major extra cellular ion.
Sodium is a solute that draws H20 with it.
12. Sterlings law Hydrostatic pressure pushed water outward from the ECF to the
ICF at the capillary cell interface.
Swelling can be decreased by using Epsom salts which is hypo-
tonic magnesium salt solution.
13. Osmotic pressure the pressure exerted by the solutes in solution.
14. Oncotic pressure Also called colloidal oncotic pressure. Refers to the force exerted
specifically by albumin in the bloodstream. Good fact to know is
that albumin is indicative of the protein nutritional status of the
body so low albumin means poor nutritional status.
15. Normal Albumin Levels 3.1-4.3 g/dL
16. Osmolarity Measurement of the concentration of solutes per kg of solvent.
Can be used to determine the body's hydration status.
17. Tonicity Refers to the concentration of solutes in solution compared with
the bloodstream.
, WGU D236
WGU D236
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dmq3pd
18. Isotonic Solution Normal Saline
Same tonicity of blood. It does not cause fluid shifts or alter the
cell size.
19. Hypotonic solution Fewer particles. More H20 than blood and body fluids.
When infused, H20 is added to the bloodstream. Causes a fluid
shift from ECF to ICF to deliver water to the body. Ex: 1/2 NS.
20. LR Commonly used as a replacement for blood
21. RAAS System renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
22. Renin an enzyme released by the kidney when reduced blood pressure
is detected by baroreceptors in aorta and carotid arteries
23. Angiotensin A normal blood protein produced by the liver, angiotensin is con-
verted to angiotensin I by renin (secreted by kidney when blood
pressure falls). Angiotensin I is further converted to angiotensin
II by ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme). Angiotensin II is a
powerful systemic vasoconstrictor and stimulator of aldosterone
release, both of which result in an increase in blood pressure.
24. ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE inhibitors treat hyperten-
sion)
25. Sequestered Fluids fluid accumulates in body cavities normally free of fluids
26. Fluid volume overload Excess amount of water in the bloodstream. Leads to edema. Also
seen in certain cancers that secrete ADH, causing a syndrome of
inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. SIADH
27. Dehydration
