HURST REVIEW QBANK CUSTOMIZE QUIZ – FUNDAMENTALS QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | COMPLETE HURST FUNDAMENTALS NCLEX STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
The client with a new diagnosis of hypertension has been instructed to maintain a low sodium diet.
Which foods does the nurse plan to teach the client to include on a low sodium diet?
Select all that apply
1. Lemonade
2. Broccoli
3. Apple
4. Smoked sausage
5. Boiled shrimp
6. Tomato soup - ANS ✔✔1, 2, & 3. Correct: Lemonade has about 5 mg of sodium. Broccoli and apples
have 0 mg of sodium per serving.
4. Incorrect: Sausage is made from ground meat such as pork, beef, or veal with salt and other spices
added. A serving of sausage can have 644 mg of sodium.
5. Incorrect: Shellfish or shrimp are high in sodium. A serving of boiled shrimp can have 111 mg of
sodium. Also, the seasoning for the shrimp has sodium added.
6. Incorrect: Processed foods are high in sodium unless the food label states "low sodium". Even though
the food may read "low sodium", the client should read the food label to evaluate the sodium content.
A hospitalized client using a K-pad on an injured muscle reports the pad is not warming up. What should
be the nurse's initial action?
1. Unplug unit and plug into another wall outlet.
2. Check temperature setting on the heating unit.
3. Call maintenance to repair unit immediately.
4. Increase temperature on unit till pad heats up. - ANS ✔✔2. CORRECT. The nurse is utilizing the nursing
process by first collecting data pertinent to the situation. The actual problem could be related to the
temperature dial on the unit, or even a malfunction in the pad itself. However, the nurse must assess the
situation by checking the basics, such as whether the equipment is even turned on.
1. INCORRECT. While it is possible the outlet itself may be defective, this is not likely in a large facility.
Additionally, an electric appliance should never be re-connected to an outlet while still in contact with
the client.
3. INCORRECT. It is unlikely maintenance would be available to examine the device immediately and
most repairs should not be attempted in the client's room because of safety considerations.
4. INCORRECT. The exact problem with the heating unit has not yet been established. Simply turning up
the temperature setting is not safe since the pad may quickly get hotter, injuring the client.
A new nurse enters the linen room for supplies and finds a pile of sheets on fire. What type of fire
extinguisher is most appropriate for the nurse to use in this situation?
1. Foam type
,2. Water only
3. Dry powder
4. Carbon dioxide - ANS ✔✔2. CORRECT. A "water only" fire extinguisher is used for Class A fires, which
includes solid combustibles such as wood, paper and textiles. As long as no electric equipment is plugged
into a socket in the room, the water only extinguisher is most appropriate.
1. INCORRECT. Although foam extinguishers can be utilized for both Class A and Class B fires, it is not the
most appropriate extinguisher for a linen room since the nurse is unaware of electric equipment that
may be charging in that room. Foam extinguishers are more appropriate for flammable liquids.
3. INCORRECT. Dry chemical, or powder, extinguishers are good for mixed material fires and electrical
fires such as those that may occur in an office. However, these are not recommended for small, enclosed
spaces such as a linen room because of the danger of inhaling the dry chemical.
4. INCORRECT. Carbon dioxide extinguishers are best for electrical fires or flammable liquids like paints
because CO2 prevents conduction. This Class B type of extinguisher is appropriate for garage, car and
truck fires or even tanker fires, but not Class A blazes.
The pediatric nurse is assessing a child following an appendectomy. What is the nurse's main priority
following surgery?
1. Obtain vital signs every four hours.
2. Assess the need for pain medication.
3. Tally intake and output every eight hours.
4. Auscultate lung sounds every four hours. - ANS ✔✔4. CORRECT: No matter what type of surgery, recall
that the effects of anesthesia and intubation, if performed, can lead to complications, particularly in
children. The potential for atelectasis and pneumonia follows surgery; therefore the client is encouraged
to cough and deep breathe to minimize these risks. Auscultating lung sounds frequently post-op is
crucial.
1. INCORRECT: Although vital signs are important, initially the nurse should check vitals every half hour
to one hour. Despite the frequency, another assessment is even more important.
2. INCORRECT: It is crucial to medicate a postoperative client; however, pain medications should never be
administered until after the initial assessment as pain medication will alter important symptoms the
nurse needs to determine any complications.
3. INCORRECT: Standard intake and output is tallied once a shift, or every eight hours. Though this
information is vital to determine hydration and function of the kidneys, it is not the nurse's main priority.
A 70 year-old client reports not sleeping well at night, having trouble staying asleep, and awakening
about 4:00 a.m. What should the nurse teach the client about sleep patterns in the elderly?
1. Don't worry about a few hours of lost sleep.
2. Elders need as much sleep as younger adults.
3. Caffeine and some medications may interfere with sleep.
4. Elders sleep more than younger adults. - ANS ✔✔3. Correct: Caffeine and some medications may
interfere with sleep.
, 1. Incorrect. The client is concerned about the sleep problem, and the nurse should address the client's
concerns. Sleep disturbances can also indicate depression. This option is denying their concerns.
2. Incorrect. Elders actually require less sleep because they are less active. Elderly do not need as much
sleep.
4. Incorrect. Elders are likely to have more disturbed sleep. They usually do not need more sleep.
The nurse is instructing a client newly diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) who has
been prescribed omeprazole. What comment by the client indicates to the nurse that the teaching was
successful?
1. "I should lay down after eating a big meal."
2. "Spicy food and caffeine might cause me pain."
3. "If the pain gets worse, I should take two pills."
4. "I will take the omeprazole whenever I have pain." - ANS ✔✔2. CORRECT: There are many foods and
drinks that might cause discomfort for the client, particularly in the early stages of treatment. Although
specific foods can vary among individuals, usually spicy foods, caffeine, and even alcohol can contribute
to the burning sensation reported by clients with GERD. This statement by the client is accurate.
1. INCORRECT: Lying down after a large meal often contributes to reflux because the pressure of food
permits stomach contents and acid to flow back up the esophagus, leading to heartburn and possibly
regurgitation. Clients should remain upright for a period of time after eating, which allows gravity to
keep acid below the level of the esophagus.
3. INCORRECT: Omeprazole is a proton-pump inhibitor which decreases stomach acid and works to heal
existing ulcers. This medication is taken once daily at the same time, and should never be doubled unless
ordered to do so by the primary healthcare provider. Any increase in discomfort while taking this
medication should be immediately reported.
4. INCORRECT: A proton-pump inhibitor is taken once daily, usually in the morning prior to breakfast. This
medication is not administered only in the presence of pain. Taking this medication consistently over
time will decrease stomach acid and help heal any damaged stomach tissue.
A home health nurse is educating a female client about home care considerations for intermittent
catheterization. Which statement by the client would let the nurse know that the client understands
what has been taught?
1. "After insertion, I will tape the tubing to my lower abdomen."
2. "I will wash the rubber catheter thoroughly with soap and water after use."
3. "It is important that I keep the drainage bag below the level of my bladder."
4. "Catheterization should be done hourly." - ANS ✔✔2. CORRECT: There are many foods and drinks that
might cause discomfort for the client, particularly in the early stages of treatment. Although specific
foods can vary among individuals, usually spicy foods, caffeine, and even alcohol can contribute to the
burning sensation reported by clients with GERD. This statement by the client is accurate.
1. INCORRECT: Lying down after a large meal often contributes to reflux because the pressure of food
permits stomach contents and acid to flow back up the esophagus, leading to heartburn and possibly
regurgitation. Clients should remain upright for a period of time after eating, which allows gravity to
keep acid below the level of the esophagus.
ANSWERS | COMPLETE HURST FUNDAMENTALS NCLEX STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
The client with a new diagnosis of hypertension has been instructed to maintain a low sodium diet.
Which foods does the nurse plan to teach the client to include on a low sodium diet?
Select all that apply
1. Lemonade
2. Broccoli
3. Apple
4. Smoked sausage
5. Boiled shrimp
6. Tomato soup - ANS ✔✔1, 2, & 3. Correct: Lemonade has about 5 mg of sodium. Broccoli and apples
have 0 mg of sodium per serving.
4. Incorrect: Sausage is made from ground meat such as pork, beef, or veal with salt and other spices
added. A serving of sausage can have 644 mg of sodium.
5. Incorrect: Shellfish or shrimp are high in sodium. A serving of boiled shrimp can have 111 mg of
sodium. Also, the seasoning for the shrimp has sodium added.
6. Incorrect: Processed foods are high in sodium unless the food label states "low sodium". Even though
the food may read "low sodium", the client should read the food label to evaluate the sodium content.
A hospitalized client using a K-pad on an injured muscle reports the pad is not warming up. What should
be the nurse's initial action?
1. Unplug unit and plug into another wall outlet.
2. Check temperature setting on the heating unit.
3. Call maintenance to repair unit immediately.
4. Increase temperature on unit till pad heats up. - ANS ✔✔2. CORRECT. The nurse is utilizing the nursing
process by first collecting data pertinent to the situation. The actual problem could be related to the
temperature dial on the unit, or even a malfunction in the pad itself. However, the nurse must assess the
situation by checking the basics, such as whether the equipment is even turned on.
1. INCORRECT. While it is possible the outlet itself may be defective, this is not likely in a large facility.
Additionally, an electric appliance should never be re-connected to an outlet while still in contact with
the client.
3. INCORRECT. It is unlikely maintenance would be available to examine the device immediately and
most repairs should not be attempted in the client's room because of safety considerations.
4. INCORRECT. The exact problem with the heating unit has not yet been established. Simply turning up
the temperature setting is not safe since the pad may quickly get hotter, injuring the client.
A new nurse enters the linen room for supplies and finds a pile of sheets on fire. What type of fire
extinguisher is most appropriate for the nurse to use in this situation?
1. Foam type
,2. Water only
3. Dry powder
4. Carbon dioxide - ANS ✔✔2. CORRECT. A "water only" fire extinguisher is used for Class A fires, which
includes solid combustibles such as wood, paper and textiles. As long as no electric equipment is plugged
into a socket in the room, the water only extinguisher is most appropriate.
1. INCORRECT. Although foam extinguishers can be utilized for both Class A and Class B fires, it is not the
most appropriate extinguisher for a linen room since the nurse is unaware of electric equipment that
may be charging in that room. Foam extinguishers are more appropriate for flammable liquids.
3. INCORRECT. Dry chemical, or powder, extinguishers are good for mixed material fires and electrical
fires such as those that may occur in an office. However, these are not recommended for small, enclosed
spaces such as a linen room because of the danger of inhaling the dry chemical.
4. INCORRECT. Carbon dioxide extinguishers are best for electrical fires or flammable liquids like paints
because CO2 prevents conduction. This Class B type of extinguisher is appropriate for garage, car and
truck fires or even tanker fires, but not Class A blazes.
The pediatric nurse is assessing a child following an appendectomy. What is the nurse's main priority
following surgery?
1. Obtain vital signs every four hours.
2. Assess the need for pain medication.
3. Tally intake and output every eight hours.
4. Auscultate lung sounds every four hours. - ANS ✔✔4. CORRECT: No matter what type of surgery, recall
that the effects of anesthesia and intubation, if performed, can lead to complications, particularly in
children. The potential for atelectasis and pneumonia follows surgery; therefore the client is encouraged
to cough and deep breathe to minimize these risks. Auscultating lung sounds frequently post-op is
crucial.
1. INCORRECT: Although vital signs are important, initially the nurse should check vitals every half hour
to one hour. Despite the frequency, another assessment is even more important.
2. INCORRECT: It is crucial to medicate a postoperative client; however, pain medications should never be
administered until after the initial assessment as pain medication will alter important symptoms the
nurse needs to determine any complications.
3. INCORRECT: Standard intake and output is tallied once a shift, or every eight hours. Though this
information is vital to determine hydration and function of the kidneys, it is not the nurse's main priority.
A 70 year-old client reports not sleeping well at night, having trouble staying asleep, and awakening
about 4:00 a.m. What should the nurse teach the client about sleep patterns in the elderly?
1. Don't worry about a few hours of lost sleep.
2. Elders need as much sleep as younger adults.
3. Caffeine and some medications may interfere with sleep.
4. Elders sleep more than younger adults. - ANS ✔✔3. Correct: Caffeine and some medications may
interfere with sleep.
, 1. Incorrect. The client is concerned about the sleep problem, and the nurse should address the client's
concerns. Sleep disturbances can also indicate depression. This option is denying their concerns.
2. Incorrect. Elders actually require less sleep because they are less active. Elderly do not need as much
sleep.
4. Incorrect. Elders are likely to have more disturbed sleep. They usually do not need more sleep.
The nurse is instructing a client newly diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) who has
been prescribed omeprazole. What comment by the client indicates to the nurse that the teaching was
successful?
1. "I should lay down after eating a big meal."
2. "Spicy food and caffeine might cause me pain."
3. "If the pain gets worse, I should take two pills."
4. "I will take the omeprazole whenever I have pain." - ANS ✔✔2. CORRECT: There are many foods and
drinks that might cause discomfort for the client, particularly in the early stages of treatment. Although
specific foods can vary among individuals, usually spicy foods, caffeine, and even alcohol can contribute
to the burning sensation reported by clients with GERD. This statement by the client is accurate.
1. INCORRECT: Lying down after a large meal often contributes to reflux because the pressure of food
permits stomach contents and acid to flow back up the esophagus, leading to heartburn and possibly
regurgitation. Clients should remain upright for a period of time after eating, which allows gravity to
keep acid below the level of the esophagus.
3. INCORRECT: Omeprazole is a proton-pump inhibitor which decreases stomach acid and works to heal
existing ulcers. This medication is taken once daily at the same time, and should never be doubled unless
ordered to do so by the primary healthcare provider. Any increase in discomfort while taking this
medication should be immediately reported.
4. INCORRECT: A proton-pump inhibitor is taken once daily, usually in the morning prior to breakfast. This
medication is not administered only in the presence of pain. Taking this medication consistently over
time will decrease stomach acid and help heal any damaged stomach tissue.
A home health nurse is educating a female client about home care considerations for intermittent
catheterization. Which statement by the client would let the nurse know that the client understands
what has been taught?
1. "After insertion, I will tape the tubing to my lower abdomen."
2. "I will wash the rubber catheter thoroughly with soap and water after use."
3. "It is important that I keep the drainage bag below the level of my bladder."
4. "Catheterization should be done hourly." - ANS ✔✔2. CORRECT: There are many foods and drinks that
might cause discomfort for the client, particularly in the early stages of treatment. Although specific
foods can vary among individuals, usually spicy foods, caffeine, and even alcohol can contribute to the
burning sensation reported by clients with GERD. This statement by the client is accurate.
1. INCORRECT: Lying down after a large meal often contributes to reflux because the pressure of food
permits stomach contents and acid to flow back up the esophagus, leading to heartburn and possibly
regurgitation. Clients should remain upright for a period of time after eating, which allows gravity to
keep acid below the level of the esophagus.
