NR 601 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2026-2027 | CHAMBERLAIN UNIVE… EXAM
P R O F E S S I O N A L P R A C T I C E M AT E R I A L S
NR 601 Final Exam Questions
& Answers 2026-2027 |
Chamberlain University | 150
Questions (Rationales)
Verified Answers Exam Ready With Rationales
150 QUESTIONS
DOCUMENT OVERVIEW
This document contains 150 verified questions with comprehensive rationales covering advanced adult-
gerontology primary care. Each item pairs a board-style question with the correct answer and a detailed
explanation, making it suitable for comprehensive study, course review, and certification preparation.
CONTENTS
01 02 • Thyroid Disorders 03
• Diabetes Mellitus Management • Menopause & Hormone Therapy
04 05 • Nutrition & Malnutrition 06
• Neuropathy & Pain Management • Gastrointestinal Disorders
07 08 09
• Renal & Urinary Tract Issues • Prostate & Bladder Health • Cognitive & Neurological Disorders
Page 1
, 10 11 12
• Vestibular & Balance Disorders • Mental Health & Mood Disorders • Bone Health & Musculoskeletal
13
• Joint Inflammation & Gout
E XA M Q U EST I O N S
Q1 QUESTION 1 OF 150
A 58-year-old reports polyuria and blurred vision. Fasting glucose is 131 mg/dL today and 128 mg/dL last week.
Best next step?
CORRECT ANSWER
Diagnose type 2 diabetes mellitus and begin management
RATIONALE
Fasting plasma glucose levels persistently above 126 mg/dL on multiple occasions confirm a diagnosis of diabetes
mellitus, necessitating immediate therapeutic intervention to prevent complications. This scenario tests the diagnostic
criteria and management initiation for hyperglycemia.
Q2 QUESTION 2 OF 150
A 60-year-old has random glucose 225 mg/dL and classic symptoms (polyuria, polydipsia). What is most
accurate?
CORRECT ANSWER
Diabetes can be diagnosed now
RATIONALE
A random glucose level exceeding 200 mg/dL in the presence of classic hyperglycemic symptoms definitively indicates
diabetes mellitus, allowing for immediate diagnosis without further testing. This diagnostic criterion bypasses the need
for a fasting glucose or oral glucose tolerance test when symptoms are pronounced.
Q3 QUESTION 3 OF 150
Page 2
,A newly diagnosed T2DM patient asks for first-line medication. Most appropriate?
CORRECT ANSWER
Metformin
RATIONALE
Metformin is the first-line pharmacologic agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus due to its efficacy in reducing hepatic
glucose production and improving insulin sensitivity without causing hypoglycemia. The key principle tested is the
established guideline for initial pharmacotherapy in T2DM.
Q4 QUESTION 4 OF 150
A patient asks how metformin works. Best explanation?
CORRECT ANSWER
Reduces hepatic glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity
RATIONALE
Metformin primarily functions by decreasing gluconeogenesis in the liver and enhancing peripheral glucose uptake,
thereby lowering blood glucose levels. This dual action addresses hyperglycemia by both reducing endogenous
glucose production and improving the body's response to insulin.
Q5 QUESTION 5 OF 150
A patient has eGFR 25 mL/min. Which diabetes medication should be avoided?
CORRECT ANSWER
Metformin
RATIONALE
Metformin is contraindicated in patients with an eGFR below 30 mL/min due to the risk of lactic acidosis, as renal
excretion is the primary clearance mechanism for this drug. This highlights the importance of assessing renal function
before initiating metformin therapy.
Q6 QUESTION 6 OF 150
Page 3
, A patient with T2DM and HF needs add-on therapy with cardio/renal benefit. Best option?
CORRECT ANSWER
SGLT2 inhibitor (empagliflozin)
RATIONALE
SGLT2 inhibitors demonstrate significant cardiovascular and renal protective benefits in patients with both type 2
diabetes and heart failure, reducing hospitalization and mortality. This class of medication targets glucose reabsorption
in the kidneys, leading to beneficial hemodynamic and metabolic effects beyond glycemic control.
Q7 QUESTION 7 OF 150
A patient on an SGLT2 inhibitor has nausea, abdominal pain, anion gap metabolic acidosis, glucose 165. Most
concerning diagnosis?
CORRECT ANSWER
Euglycemic DKA
RATIONALE
SGLT2 inhibitors can precipitate euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis by increasing urinary glucose excretion and
promoting ketone production, presenting with metabolic acidosis and abdominal symptoms despite near-normal
blood glucose levels. This diagnosis is critical because it requires immediate cessation of the offending medication and
aggressive management of ketoacidosis.
Q8 QUESTION 8 OF 150
A patient starting an SGLT2 inhibitor should be counseled about which common adverse effect?
CORRECT ANSWER
Genitourinary infections
RATIONALE
SGLT2 inhibitors promote glucosuria, increasing glucose concentration in the urine and urinary tract, which facilitates
bacterial and fungal growth leading to genitourinary infections. This mechanism highlights the drug class's primary
adverse effect profile.
Q9 QUESTION 9 OF 150
Page 4
P R O F E S S I O N A L P R A C T I C E M AT E R I A L S
NR 601 Final Exam Questions
& Answers 2026-2027 |
Chamberlain University | 150
Questions (Rationales)
Verified Answers Exam Ready With Rationales
150 QUESTIONS
DOCUMENT OVERVIEW
This document contains 150 verified questions with comprehensive rationales covering advanced adult-
gerontology primary care. Each item pairs a board-style question with the correct answer and a detailed
explanation, making it suitable for comprehensive study, course review, and certification preparation.
CONTENTS
01 02 • Thyroid Disorders 03
• Diabetes Mellitus Management • Menopause & Hormone Therapy
04 05 • Nutrition & Malnutrition 06
• Neuropathy & Pain Management • Gastrointestinal Disorders
07 08 09
• Renal & Urinary Tract Issues • Prostate & Bladder Health • Cognitive & Neurological Disorders
Page 1
, 10 11 12
• Vestibular & Balance Disorders • Mental Health & Mood Disorders • Bone Health & Musculoskeletal
13
• Joint Inflammation & Gout
E XA M Q U EST I O N S
Q1 QUESTION 1 OF 150
A 58-year-old reports polyuria and blurred vision. Fasting glucose is 131 mg/dL today and 128 mg/dL last week.
Best next step?
CORRECT ANSWER
Diagnose type 2 diabetes mellitus and begin management
RATIONALE
Fasting plasma glucose levels persistently above 126 mg/dL on multiple occasions confirm a diagnosis of diabetes
mellitus, necessitating immediate therapeutic intervention to prevent complications. This scenario tests the diagnostic
criteria and management initiation for hyperglycemia.
Q2 QUESTION 2 OF 150
A 60-year-old has random glucose 225 mg/dL and classic symptoms (polyuria, polydipsia). What is most
accurate?
CORRECT ANSWER
Diabetes can be diagnosed now
RATIONALE
A random glucose level exceeding 200 mg/dL in the presence of classic hyperglycemic symptoms definitively indicates
diabetes mellitus, allowing for immediate diagnosis without further testing. This diagnostic criterion bypasses the need
for a fasting glucose or oral glucose tolerance test when symptoms are pronounced.
Q3 QUESTION 3 OF 150
Page 2
,A newly diagnosed T2DM patient asks for first-line medication. Most appropriate?
CORRECT ANSWER
Metformin
RATIONALE
Metformin is the first-line pharmacologic agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus due to its efficacy in reducing hepatic
glucose production and improving insulin sensitivity without causing hypoglycemia. The key principle tested is the
established guideline for initial pharmacotherapy in T2DM.
Q4 QUESTION 4 OF 150
A patient asks how metformin works. Best explanation?
CORRECT ANSWER
Reduces hepatic glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity
RATIONALE
Metformin primarily functions by decreasing gluconeogenesis in the liver and enhancing peripheral glucose uptake,
thereby lowering blood glucose levels. This dual action addresses hyperglycemia by both reducing endogenous
glucose production and improving the body's response to insulin.
Q5 QUESTION 5 OF 150
A patient has eGFR 25 mL/min. Which diabetes medication should be avoided?
CORRECT ANSWER
Metformin
RATIONALE
Metformin is contraindicated in patients with an eGFR below 30 mL/min due to the risk of lactic acidosis, as renal
excretion is the primary clearance mechanism for this drug. This highlights the importance of assessing renal function
before initiating metformin therapy.
Q6 QUESTION 6 OF 150
Page 3
, A patient with T2DM and HF needs add-on therapy with cardio/renal benefit. Best option?
CORRECT ANSWER
SGLT2 inhibitor (empagliflozin)
RATIONALE
SGLT2 inhibitors demonstrate significant cardiovascular and renal protective benefits in patients with both type 2
diabetes and heart failure, reducing hospitalization and mortality. This class of medication targets glucose reabsorption
in the kidneys, leading to beneficial hemodynamic and metabolic effects beyond glycemic control.
Q7 QUESTION 7 OF 150
A patient on an SGLT2 inhibitor has nausea, abdominal pain, anion gap metabolic acidosis, glucose 165. Most
concerning diagnosis?
CORRECT ANSWER
Euglycemic DKA
RATIONALE
SGLT2 inhibitors can precipitate euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis by increasing urinary glucose excretion and
promoting ketone production, presenting with metabolic acidosis and abdominal symptoms despite near-normal
blood glucose levels. This diagnosis is critical because it requires immediate cessation of the offending medication and
aggressive management of ketoacidosis.
Q8 QUESTION 8 OF 150
A patient starting an SGLT2 inhibitor should be counseled about which common adverse effect?
CORRECT ANSWER
Genitourinary infections
RATIONALE
SGLT2 inhibitors promote glucosuria, increasing glucose concentration in the urine and urinary tract, which facilitates
bacterial and fungal growth leading to genitourinary infections. This mechanism highlights the drug class's primary
adverse effect profile.
Q9 QUESTION 9 OF 150
Page 4
