UTMB 5355 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Exam 1 Questions with
100% Correct Answers
Transcription
synthesis of RNA from DNA
Transcription results in
mRNA
RNA polymerase makes
mRNA
mRNA
makes proteins
RNA polymerase
binds to DNA
Transcription factors (TFs)
A regulatory protein that binds to DNA and affects transcription of specific genes. Can wither
activate or repress expression of genes
Termination of transcription
RNA polymerase reaches a terminator sequence (Stop codon) and detaches from the template
Translation
Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced. Protein assembly
,Translation takes place in the
cytoplasm
Codon
A specific sequence of three bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that provides genetic code
information for a amino acid
Amino acids are
building blocks of proteins
tRNA
An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language
by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA
Codons allow
for DNA and RNA to communicate
Gene Regulation
the process of turning genes on and off
Gene Regulation occurs
during transcription
Transcription factors (TFs) determine
amount of protein product made
Nucleotide
DNA subunit; 1 DNA, 1 phosphate, 1 nitrogenous base
,Mutation
permanent change in a DNA /RNA sequence that affects genetic information
germline mutation
happens in germ cells, inheritable, in all cells
somatic mutation
A mutation that occurs in the body cells from spontaneous development. Cannot be inherited.
Acquired
causes of mutations
• Incorrect copying of the DNA sequence/
Environmental
•Exposure
•Spontaneous
silent mutation
alters a base but does not change the amino acid
DNA is
master blueprint for human being
Gene
the basic unit of inheritance
DNA makes
proteins
Chromosomes
, threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
23 pairs of
chromosomes
Allele
variant of a gene
A cell holds how many alleles of each gene?
2, one from mom and one from dad
Phenotype
An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits. Affected by environment
Genotype
genetic makeup of an organism
locus
Location of a gene on a chromosome
Homozygous
An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
Heterozygous
An organism that has two different alleles for a trait
Recessive
trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait
Dominant
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Exam 1 Questions with
100% Correct Answers
Transcription
synthesis of RNA from DNA
Transcription results in
mRNA
RNA polymerase makes
mRNA
mRNA
makes proteins
RNA polymerase
binds to DNA
Transcription factors (TFs)
A regulatory protein that binds to DNA and affects transcription of specific genes. Can wither
activate or repress expression of genes
Termination of transcription
RNA polymerase reaches a terminator sequence (Stop codon) and detaches from the template
Translation
Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced. Protein assembly
,Translation takes place in the
cytoplasm
Codon
A specific sequence of three bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that provides genetic code
information for a amino acid
Amino acids are
building blocks of proteins
tRNA
An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language
by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA
Codons allow
for DNA and RNA to communicate
Gene Regulation
the process of turning genes on and off
Gene Regulation occurs
during transcription
Transcription factors (TFs) determine
amount of protein product made
Nucleotide
DNA subunit; 1 DNA, 1 phosphate, 1 nitrogenous base
,Mutation
permanent change in a DNA /RNA sequence that affects genetic information
germline mutation
happens in germ cells, inheritable, in all cells
somatic mutation
A mutation that occurs in the body cells from spontaneous development. Cannot be inherited.
Acquired
causes of mutations
• Incorrect copying of the DNA sequence/
Environmental
•Exposure
•Spontaneous
silent mutation
alters a base but does not change the amino acid
DNA is
master blueprint for human being
Gene
the basic unit of inheritance
DNA makes
proteins
Chromosomes
, threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
23 pairs of
chromosomes
Allele
variant of a gene
A cell holds how many alleles of each gene?
2, one from mom and one from dad
Phenotype
An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits. Affected by environment
Genotype
genetic makeup of an organism
locus
Location of a gene on a chromosome
Homozygous
An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
Heterozygous
An organism that has two different alleles for a trait
Recessive
trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait
Dominant
