WGU D236 Patho - Megan Shay’s Study Guides
WGU D236 Patho - Megan/Shay’s Study Guides
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ekvlj6
1. What is the primary determinant Albumin
of oncotic pressure?
2. Form of osmotic pressure exerted Oncotic Pressure
by proteins
3. What is the difference between Naive T Cells
adult and child immunity?
4. Fluid and electrolyte levels are Osmoreceptors
regulated by _________________,
which regulates actions such as
thirst, ADH, the kidneys, and
RAAS.
5. What are the causes of dehydra- #Excessive loss
tion? #Inadequate intake
#Both
6. What s/sx are associated with de- #Dry mucous membranes
hydration? #Decreased skin turgor
#Decreased urine output
#Low blood pressure
#Tachycardia
#Weak heart rate
#Confusion
7. A patient with a viral illness and Metabolic alkalosis
severe vomiting has an elevated
CO2 level and pH of 7.53. She is The patient's pH and CO2 levels are both elevated (mov-
breathing slowly. What condition ing in the same direction). This indicates metabolic al-
does she have? kalosis. The CO2 level is high because her respiratory
, WGU D236 Patho - Megan Shay’s Study Guides
WGU D236 Patho - Megan/Shay’s Study Guides
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ekvlj6
system is attempting to compensate for the high pH by
exhaling less and retaining more CO2.
8. Normal CO2 level 35-45
9. Normal pH level 7.35-7.45
10. Normal HCO3 level 22-26
11. Michael's pulmonary edema leads His CO2 level is increased because his lungs have diffi-
to respiratory acidosis. How does culty removing it from the bloodstream.
pH impact Michael's basal meta-
bolic panel? Choose 3 answers. His sodium level is decreased due to hypervolemia.
His CO2 level is increased because His K+ is elevated because, as H+ moves inside of cells
his lungs have difficulty removing in an attempt to get it out of the bloodstream, K+ moves
it from the bloodstream. from cells into the bloodstream.
His calcium level is reduced be-
cause the elevated concentration
of H+ makes it easier for Ca+ to
bind to albumin.
His CO2 level is decreased be-
cause his lungs have difficulty
adding it into the bloodstream.
His sodium level is decreased due
to hypervolemia.
His K+ is elevated because, as H+
moves inside of cells in an at-
tempt to get it out of the blood-
, WGU D236 Patho - Megan Shay’s Study Guides
WGU D236 Patho - Megan/Shay’s Study Guides
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ekvlj6
stream, K+ moves from cells into
the bloodstream.
12. A hormone panel was done on BNP
a patient with congestive heart
failure and fluid volume overload. BNP is released when fluid volume excess is present.
Which elevated hormone on the
patient's chart is indicative of the
body's attempt to reduce the fluid
overload?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Aldosterone
Renin
13. Normal sodium level 135-145
14. Hyponatremia is indicated by Na < 135
what lab result? S/Sx?
Loss of energy or fatigue
Nausea and vomiting
Headache
Confusion
Muscle spasms
Low blood pressure
Dark scanty urine
Irritability, disorientation and neurological manifesta-
tions
Seizures
, WGU D236 Patho - Megan Shay’s Study Guides
WGU D236 Patho - Megan/Shay’s Study Guides
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ekvlj6
15. Hypernatremia is indicated by Na > 145
what lab result? S/Sx
Excessive thirst
Extreme fatigue
Confusion
Muscle twitching or spasms
Restlessness
Seizures
16. Normal potassium level 3.5-5.0
17. Hypokalemia is indicated by what K < 3.5
lab result? S/Sx
#Muscle fatigue/cramping
#Nausea, vomiting, constipation
#Cardiac dysrhythmias
#Paresthesia (numbness/tingling)
18. Hyperkalemia is indicated by what K > 5.0
lab result? S/Sx?
Muscle weakness/paralysis
Paresthesia (numbness/tingling)
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Cardiac arrest/MI
19. Normal calcium level 8.5-10.5
20. Hypocalcemia is indicated by what Calcium < 8.5
lab result? S/Sx?
Overexcitability of the muscles
Muscle twitching
Paresthesia (numbness/tingling)
Chvostek and Trousseau sign (twitching on the cheek
WGU D236 Patho - Megan/Shay’s Study Guides
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ekvlj6
1. What is the primary determinant Albumin
of oncotic pressure?
2. Form of osmotic pressure exerted Oncotic Pressure
by proteins
3. What is the difference between Naive T Cells
adult and child immunity?
4. Fluid and electrolyte levels are Osmoreceptors
regulated by _________________,
which regulates actions such as
thirst, ADH, the kidneys, and
RAAS.
5. What are the causes of dehydra- #Excessive loss
tion? #Inadequate intake
#Both
6. What s/sx are associated with de- #Dry mucous membranes
hydration? #Decreased skin turgor
#Decreased urine output
#Low blood pressure
#Tachycardia
#Weak heart rate
#Confusion
7. A patient with a viral illness and Metabolic alkalosis
severe vomiting has an elevated
CO2 level and pH of 7.53. She is The patient's pH and CO2 levels are both elevated (mov-
breathing slowly. What condition ing in the same direction). This indicates metabolic al-
does she have? kalosis. The CO2 level is high because her respiratory
, WGU D236 Patho - Megan Shay’s Study Guides
WGU D236 Patho - Megan/Shay’s Study Guides
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ekvlj6
system is attempting to compensate for the high pH by
exhaling less and retaining more CO2.
8. Normal CO2 level 35-45
9. Normal pH level 7.35-7.45
10. Normal HCO3 level 22-26
11. Michael's pulmonary edema leads His CO2 level is increased because his lungs have diffi-
to respiratory acidosis. How does culty removing it from the bloodstream.
pH impact Michael's basal meta-
bolic panel? Choose 3 answers. His sodium level is decreased due to hypervolemia.
His CO2 level is increased because His K+ is elevated because, as H+ moves inside of cells
his lungs have difficulty removing in an attempt to get it out of the bloodstream, K+ moves
it from the bloodstream. from cells into the bloodstream.
His calcium level is reduced be-
cause the elevated concentration
of H+ makes it easier for Ca+ to
bind to albumin.
His CO2 level is decreased be-
cause his lungs have difficulty
adding it into the bloodstream.
His sodium level is decreased due
to hypervolemia.
His K+ is elevated because, as H+
moves inside of cells in an at-
tempt to get it out of the blood-
, WGU D236 Patho - Megan Shay’s Study Guides
WGU D236 Patho - Megan/Shay’s Study Guides
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ekvlj6
stream, K+ moves from cells into
the bloodstream.
12. A hormone panel was done on BNP
a patient with congestive heart
failure and fluid volume overload. BNP is released when fluid volume excess is present.
Which elevated hormone on the
patient's chart is indicative of the
body's attempt to reduce the fluid
overload?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Aldosterone
Renin
13. Normal sodium level 135-145
14. Hyponatremia is indicated by Na < 135
what lab result? S/Sx?
Loss of energy or fatigue
Nausea and vomiting
Headache
Confusion
Muscle spasms
Low blood pressure
Dark scanty urine
Irritability, disorientation and neurological manifesta-
tions
Seizures
, WGU D236 Patho - Megan Shay’s Study Guides
WGU D236 Patho - Megan/Shay’s Study Guides
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ekvlj6
15. Hypernatremia is indicated by Na > 145
what lab result? S/Sx
Excessive thirst
Extreme fatigue
Confusion
Muscle twitching or spasms
Restlessness
Seizures
16. Normal potassium level 3.5-5.0
17. Hypokalemia is indicated by what K < 3.5
lab result? S/Sx
#Muscle fatigue/cramping
#Nausea, vomiting, constipation
#Cardiac dysrhythmias
#Paresthesia (numbness/tingling)
18. Hyperkalemia is indicated by what K > 5.0
lab result? S/Sx?
Muscle weakness/paralysis
Paresthesia (numbness/tingling)
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Cardiac arrest/MI
19. Normal calcium level 8.5-10.5
20. Hypocalcemia is indicated by what Calcium < 8.5
lab result? S/Sx?
Overexcitability of the muscles
Muscle twitching
Paresthesia (numbness/tingling)
Chvostek and Trousseau sign (twitching on the cheek
