NRl 565/l NR565l Finall Exam:l Advancedl
Pharmacologyl Fundamentalsl Reviewl
(Latestl 2026/l 2027l Update)l |l Qsl &l As|l
Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl
Answers)-l Chamberlain
QUESTION
Methlaxathinesl 3l actions
Answer:
1.l CNSl excitationl
2.l bronchodilation
3.l cardiacl stimulation,l vasodilation,l andl diuresis
QUESTION
Theophylline
Answer:
-drugl class:l methylxanthine
-MOA:l bronchodilationl byl relaxingl smoothl musclesl ofl bronchi
-usedl forl chronicl stablel asthma
-longerl durationl ofl action,l ideall forl nocturall attacks
-smokingl increasesl metabolisml ofl drug
-heart/liverl disease/caffeinel decreasesl metabolisml ofl drug
-dol NOTl doublel doses,l chew/crushl
-monitorl ecg/HR
-contraindicate:l sz/PUD
QUESTION
Theophyllinel toxcityl s/s
,Answer:
-n/v/d
-abdl pain
-insomnia
-restless
-palpitations
-safel levels:l 10-20
-tx:l activatedl charcoal
QUESTION
Anticholinergic
Answer:
-MOA:l blocksl muscarinicl receptorsl inl thel bronchi-->l reducingl bronchoconstrictionl
-FDAl approvedl onlyl forl COPD,l offl labell forl asthma
-ex:l ipratropiuml
-SE:l dryl mouth/irritationl ofl thel pharynx,l increasedl intraocularl pressure,l MI,l CVA
QUESTION
Leukotrienel Receptorl Antagonist
Answer:
-ex:l montelukast
-MOA:l blocksl leukotrienel receptors->l decreasingl inflammation,l edema,l
bronchoconstriction
-SE:l GIl upset,l myalgia,l neuropsychl sympts,l churg-straussl syndromel (flu-likel symptoms),l
liverl diseasel
-monitor:l LFTs
QUESTION
Glucocorticoids
Answer:
-MOA:l suppressesl inflammation-->l reducesl bronchiall hyperreactivityl &l airwayl mucusl
production
-IV/PO
,-forl asthmal &l COPD
-adversel effects:l oropharyngeall candidiasis,l dysphonia,l bonel loss,l adrenall suppressionl
(taperl offl slowly),l slowl growth,l PUD
QUESTION
Adrenall suppressionl s/s
Answer:
-hotn
-hypoglycemial
-AMS
QUESTION
Monoclonall Antibodiesl Blackl BoxWarning
Answer:
riskl forl anaphylaxisl anyl anyl timel duringl tx
-observel ptsl forl 2hrl afterl 1stl dosel &l 30l minl afterl subsequentl doses
QUESTION
Asthmal Controll Assessmentl (3)
Answer:
1.l welll controlled:l symptsl <2l days/wk
2.l notl welll controlled:l symptsl >2days/wk
3.l poorlyl controlled:l throughoutl thel day
QUESTION
Inhalationl Devicesl 4
Answer:
1.l Metered-dosel inhalersl (MDIs):l handl heldl measuredl dosel ofl drug,l 1l minl inl btwl
doses,l inhalel priorl tol dose
2.l Dry-powderl inhalersl (DPIs):l breathl activated
, 3.l softl mist:l drugsl deliveredl byl finel mist,l userl activatedl
4.l Nebulizers:l machinel thatl convertsl al drugl solutionl intol al mist
QUESTION
Inhaledl Glucocorticoids
Answer:
-lowl riskl ofl toxicityl
-SE:l oropharyngeall candidiasisl (txl w/l anti-fungal)l &l dysphonia
-riskl ofl adrenall insuffl whenl transitioningl froml oral
QUESTION
Systemicl Glucocorticoids
Answer:
-nol breastfeeding
-riskl ofl adrenall insuff
-dosel needsl tol bel increasedl duringl timesl ofl stressl tol compensatel (adrenall glandl
decreasesl itl ownl productionl ofl glucocorticoidl duringl tx)
QUESTION
Orall Leukotrienel Receptorsl Antagonist
Answer:
QUESTION
Leukotrienel Receptorl Antagonistsl administration
Answer:
-cromolyn:l powerl driverl nebulizer:l 10-15minl beforel exertionl
-montelukast:l PM
-zafirlukast:l w/l food
Pharmacologyl Fundamentalsl Reviewl
(Latestl 2026/l 2027l Update)l |l Qsl &l As|l
Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl
Answers)-l Chamberlain
QUESTION
Methlaxathinesl 3l actions
Answer:
1.l CNSl excitationl
2.l bronchodilation
3.l cardiacl stimulation,l vasodilation,l andl diuresis
QUESTION
Theophylline
Answer:
-drugl class:l methylxanthine
-MOA:l bronchodilationl byl relaxingl smoothl musclesl ofl bronchi
-usedl forl chronicl stablel asthma
-longerl durationl ofl action,l ideall forl nocturall attacks
-smokingl increasesl metabolisml ofl drug
-heart/liverl disease/caffeinel decreasesl metabolisml ofl drug
-dol NOTl doublel doses,l chew/crushl
-monitorl ecg/HR
-contraindicate:l sz/PUD
QUESTION
Theophyllinel toxcityl s/s
,Answer:
-n/v/d
-abdl pain
-insomnia
-restless
-palpitations
-safel levels:l 10-20
-tx:l activatedl charcoal
QUESTION
Anticholinergic
Answer:
-MOA:l blocksl muscarinicl receptorsl inl thel bronchi-->l reducingl bronchoconstrictionl
-FDAl approvedl onlyl forl COPD,l offl labell forl asthma
-ex:l ipratropiuml
-SE:l dryl mouth/irritationl ofl thel pharynx,l increasedl intraocularl pressure,l MI,l CVA
QUESTION
Leukotrienel Receptorl Antagonist
Answer:
-ex:l montelukast
-MOA:l blocksl leukotrienel receptors->l decreasingl inflammation,l edema,l
bronchoconstriction
-SE:l GIl upset,l myalgia,l neuropsychl sympts,l churg-straussl syndromel (flu-likel symptoms),l
liverl diseasel
-monitor:l LFTs
QUESTION
Glucocorticoids
Answer:
-MOA:l suppressesl inflammation-->l reducesl bronchiall hyperreactivityl &l airwayl mucusl
production
-IV/PO
,-forl asthmal &l COPD
-adversel effects:l oropharyngeall candidiasis,l dysphonia,l bonel loss,l adrenall suppressionl
(taperl offl slowly),l slowl growth,l PUD
QUESTION
Adrenall suppressionl s/s
Answer:
-hotn
-hypoglycemial
-AMS
QUESTION
Monoclonall Antibodiesl Blackl BoxWarning
Answer:
riskl forl anaphylaxisl anyl anyl timel duringl tx
-observel ptsl forl 2hrl afterl 1stl dosel &l 30l minl afterl subsequentl doses
QUESTION
Asthmal Controll Assessmentl (3)
Answer:
1.l welll controlled:l symptsl <2l days/wk
2.l notl welll controlled:l symptsl >2days/wk
3.l poorlyl controlled:l throughoutl thel day
QUESTION
Inhalationl Devicesl 4
Answer:
1.l Metered-dosel inhalersl (MDIs):l handl heldl measuredl dosel ofl drug,l 1l minl inl btwl
doses,l inhalel priorl tol dose
2.l Dry-powderl inhalersl (DPIs):l breathl activated
, 3.l softl mist:l drugsl deliveredl byl finel mist,l userl activatedl
4.l Nebulizers:l machinel thatl convertsl al drugl solutionl intol al mist
QUESTION
Inhaledl Glucocorticoids
Answer:
-lowl riskl ofl toxicityl
-SE:l oropharyngeall candidiasisl (txl w/l anti-fungal)l &l dysphonia
-riskl ofl adrenall insuffl whenl transitioningl froml oral
QUESTION
Systemicl Glucocorticoids
Answer:
-nol breastfeeding
-riskl ofl adrenall insuff
-dosel needsl tol bel increasedl duringl timesl ofl stressl tol compensatel (adrenall glandl
decreasesl itl ownl productionl ofl glucocorticoidl duringl tx)
QUESTION
Orall Leukotrienel Receptorsl Antagonist
Answer:
QUESTION
Leukotrienel Receptorl Antagonistsl administration
Answer:
-cromolyn:l powerl driverl nebulizer:l 10-15minl beforel exertionl
-montelukast:l PM
-zafirlukast:l w/l food
