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Summary MLA Orthopaedics Overview

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A summary of key neurology conditions required for final MLA medicine exams. Each condition includes images, features, causes, investigations and management, where relevant. The document includes conditions such as: - Achilles tendon disorders - Adhesive capsulitis - Ankle sprain - Carpal tunnel syndrome - Cubital tunnel syndrome - De Quervain’s tenosynovitis - Dupuytren’s contracture - Compartment syndrome - Scaphoid fracture - Fracture types - Bone tumours - Lower limb fractures

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Rotator Cuff Muscles
• Supraspinatus = abduction
• Infraspinatus & teres minor =
external rotation
• Subscapularis = internal rotation




ORTHOPAEDICS
Medial epicondylitis (Golfer's
elbow)
• Pain aggravated by wrist
flexion and pronation
• Numbness / tingling in 4th and
5th finger due to ulnar nerve
involvement

Lateral epicondylitis (Tennis
elbow)
• Pain worse on wrist
extension against resistance
and supination

, ACHILLES TENDON DISORDERS
L



Risk factors quinotones (e g. ciprofloxacin)
.




=




hypercholesterolemia
·




Achilles tendinopathy (tendinitis) Achilles tendon rupture

Features Features
• Gradual onset of posterior heel pain • Sport or running; an audible 'pop' in the ankle
• Worse following activity • Sudden onset significant pain in the calf or ankle
• Morning pain and stiffness - common • Inability to walk or continue the sport
• Simmond's triad helps exclude Achilles tendon rupture
Management
• Supportive Management
• Simple analgesia • US = initial imaging choice
• Reduction in precipitating activities • Acute referral to an orthopaedic specialist
• Calf muscle eccentric exercises

Document information

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Unknown
Uploaded on
August 2, 2026
Number of pages
11
Written in
2025/2026
Type
Summary
$6.31

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