NRl 507/l NR507l Midterml Exam:l
Advancedl Pathophysiologyl Guidel (Latestl
2026/l 2027l Update)l |l Qsl &l As|l Gradel A|l
100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Answers)-l
Chamberlain
QUESTION
Classl ofl Heartl Failure
Answer:
Newl Yorkl Heartl Associationl (NYHA)
Doesl notl beginl untill patientl hasl achievel Stagel C
Patientsl mayl movel betweenl classl ofl heartl failurel duel tol treatmentl ofl HF.
QUESTION
Classl I
Answer:
nol limitationl ofl physicall activity
ordinaryl activityl doesl notl causel heartl failurel symptoms
QUESTION
Classl II
Answer:
Slightl limitation
nol issuesl atl rest
Symptomsl ofl HFl duringl ordinaryl physicall activity
,QUESTION
Classl III
Answer:
Comfortablel atl rest
symptomsl atl lessl thanl ordinaryl activities
QUESTION
Classl IV
Answer:
Unablel tol dol anyl activitiesl withoutl symptomsl ofl HF
QUESTION
Aorticl Stenosisl sounds
Answer:
Systolicl crescendo-decrescendol murmurl @l rightl 2ndl intercostall spacel basel radiatesl tol
thel neckl
Ejectionl systolicl murmurl
Sustainedl laterall displacel apicall pulsel
S4l gallop
QUESTION
Aorticl Stenosisl signsl andl symptoms
Answer:
SADl
syncope
anginal w/exertion
dyspnea
Decreasedl strokel volume,l reducedl systolicl bloodl pressure.l narrowedl pulsel pressure
Slowl heartl rate,l faintl pulsesl -l pulsusl tardus
,QUESTION
Aorticl Stenosisl definition
Answer:
stiffl orl tightl aoritcl valve
Mostl commonl valvularl disease
Causes:l congenitall (bicuspidl valve),l agel (calcification),l rheumaticl heartl disease
Leftl ventriclel hypertrophy
QUESTION
Aorticl Regurgitation
Answer:
inabilityl ofl thel aorticl valvel leafletsl tol closel properlyl duringl ventricularl systole
Causes:l congenitall valvel disease,l chronicl HTN,l rheumaticl heartl disease,l endocarditis,l
connectivel tissuel diease
QUESTION
Aoritl Regurgitationl sounds
Answer:
Diastolicl rumblingl soundsl atl apex
Systolicl crescendo-decrescendol murmurl atl leftl upperl sternall border
Highl pitchedl earlyl diastolicl murmurl atl leftl lowerl sternall border
QUESTION
Aorticl Regurgitationl signsl andl symptoms
Answer:
Increasel SOBl
Fatigue,l Palpitations
widenedl pulsel pressure
Chestl xrayl -->l pulmonaryl edemal andl cardiomegaly
, QUESTION
Mitrall Stenosis
Answer:
Mostl commonl forml ofl rheumaticl heartl disease
impairsl bloodl flowl froml leftl atriuml tol leftl ventricle
Decreasel cardiacl output,l duringl exertion
QUESTION
Mitrall Stenosisl sounds
Answer:
lowl pitchedl murmurl atl apex
QUESTION
Mitrall Stenosisl symptoms
Answer:
Jugularl veinl distension
peripherall edema
pulmonaryl congestion,l Cracklesl @lungl bases
A.l Fib
leftl ventriclel hypertrophyl
SOBl uponl exertion
Poundingl racingl heartl beat
QUESTION
Mitrall Regurgitation
Answer:
Refluxl ofl bloodl froml leftl ventriclel intol leftl atriuml duringl systole
QUESTION
MItrall regugitationl causes
Advancedl Pathophysiologyl Guidel (Latestl
2026/l 2027l Update)l |l Qsl &l As|l Gradel A|l
100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Answers)-l
Chamberlain
QUESTION
Classl ofl Heartl Failure
Answer:
Newl Yorkl Heartl Associationl (NYHA)
Doesl notl beginl untill patientl hasl achievel Stagel C
Patientsl mayl movel betweenl classl ofl heartl failurel duel tol treatmentl ofl HF.
QUESTION
Classl I
Answer:
nol limitationl ofl physicall activity
ordinaryl activityl doesl notl causel heartl failurel symptoms
QUESTION
Classl II
Answer:
Slightl limitation
nol issuesl atl rest
Symptomsl ofl HFl duringl ordinaryl physicall activity
,QUESTION
Classl III
Answer:
Comfortablel atl rest
symptomsl atl lessl thanl ordinaryl activities
QUESTION
Classl IV
Answer:
Unablel tol dol anyl activitiesl withoutl symptomsl ofl HF
QUESTION
Aorticl Stenosisl sounds
Answer:
Systolicl crescendo-decrescendol murmurl @l rightl 2ndl intercostall spacel basel radiatesl tol
thel neckl
Ejectionl systolicl murmurl
Sustainedl laterall displacel apicall pulsel
S4l gallop
QUESTION
Aorticl Stenosisl signsl andl symptoms
Answer:
SADl
syncope
anginal w/exertion
dyspnea
Decreasedl strokel volume,l reducedl systolicl bloodl pressure.l narrowedl pulsel pressure
Slowl heartl rate,l faintl pulsesl -l pulsusl tardus
,QUESTION
Aorticl Stenosisl definition
Answer:
stiffl orl tightl aoritcl valve
Mostl commonl valvularl disease
Causes:l congenitall (bicuspidl valve),l agel (calcification),l rheumaticl heartl disease
Leftl ventriclel hypertrophy
QUESTION
Aorticl Regurgitation
Answer:
inabilityl ofl thel aorticl valvel leafletsl tol closel properlyl duringl ventricularl systole
Causes:l congenitall valvel disease,l chronicl HTN,l rheumaticl heartl disease,l endocarditis,l
connectivel tissuel diease
QUESTION
Aoritl Regurgitationl sounds
Answer:
Diastolicl rumblingl soundsl atl apex
Systolicl crescendo-decrescendol murmurl atl leftl upperl sternall border
Highl pitchedl earlyl diastolicl murmurl atl leftl lowerl sternall border
QUESTION
Aorticl Regurgitationl signsl andl symptoms
Answer:
Increasel SOBl
Fatigue,l Palpitations
widenedl pulsel pressure
Chestl xrayl -->l pulmonaryl edemal andl cardiomegaly
, QUESTION
Mitrall Stenosis
Answer:
Mostl commonl forml ofl rheumaticl heartl disease
impairsl bloodl flowl froml leftl atriuml tol leftl ventricle
Decreasel cardiacl output,l duringl exertion
QUESTION
Mitrall Stenosisl sounds
Answer:
lowl pitchedl murmurl atl apex
QUESTION
Mitrall Stenosisl symptoms
Answer:
Jugularl veinl distension
peripherall edema
pulmonaryl congestion,l Cracklesl @lungl bases
A.l Fib
leftl ventriclel hypertrophyl
SOBl uponl exertion
Poundingl racingl heartl beat
QUESTION
Mitrall Regurgitation
Answer:
Refluxl ofl bloodl froml leftl ventriclel intol leftl atriuml duringl systole
QUESTION
MItrall regugitationl causes
