NURS 6531 COMPREHENSIVE TEST BANK
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
PRACTICE SOLUTION VERIFIED
◉ Which of the following statements best describes Raynaud disease?
a. An inflammatory disorder of small and medium-size arteries in the
feet and sometimes in the hands
b. A neoplastic disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of the
upper extremities
c. A vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the
fingers, and less commonly, the toes
d. An autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper
and lower extremities. Answer: c. A vasospastic disorder of the small
arteries and arterioles of the fingers, and less commonly, the toes
◉ A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and elevated
pulmonary vascular resistance. Which of the following heart failures
may result from this condition?
a. Right heart failure
b. Left heart failure
c. Low-output failure
d. High-output failure. Answer: a. Right heart failure
,Exp: Right heart failure is defined as the inability of the right
ventricle to provide adequate blood flow into the pulmonary
circulation at a normal central venous pressure. It most often results
from the left heart failure when the increase in left ventricular filling
pressure that is reflected back into the pulmonary circulation is severe
enough. As pressure in the pulmonary circulation rises, the resistance
to right ventricular emptying increases.
◉ What physical sign is the result of turbulent blood flow through a
vessel?
a. Increased blood pressure during periods of stress
b. Bounding pulse felt on palpation
c. Cyanosis observed on excretion
d. Murmur heard on auscultation. Answer: d. Murmur heard on
auscultation
Exp: Where flow is obstructed the vessel turns or blood flows over
rough surfaces. The flow becomes turbulent with whorls or eddy
currents that produce noise causing a murmur to be heard on
auscultation such as occurs during blood pressure measurement with a
sphygomanometer. This selection is the only option that accurately
identifies the physical sign of turbulent vascular blood flow. pg 1113
◉ Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and
down syndrome?
a. Coarctation of the aorta and pulmonary stenosis
b. Tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus
c. Atrial septal defect and dextrocardia
,d. Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus. Answer: d.
Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus
Exp: Congenital heart defects that are related to dysfunction of
trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and down syndrome include VSD and PDA
see Table 33-2 The other defects are not associated with dysfunction
of trisomy 13 or 17 and down syndrome. pg 1200
◉ An infant has a continuous machine/type murmur best heard at the
left upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole as well as a
bounding pulse and a thrill on palpation. These clinical findings are
consistent with which congenital heart defect?
a. Atrial septal defect
b. Ventricular septal defect
c. Patent ductus arteriosus
d. Atrioventricular canal defect. Answer: c. Patent ductus arteriosus
Exp: If pulmonary vascular resistance has fallen then infants with will
characteristically have a continuous machine/type murmur best heard
at the left upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole. If the
PDA is significant then the infant also will have bounding pulses an
active precordium, a thrill on palpation and signs and symptoms of
pulmonary over circulation. The presentations of the other congenital
heart defects are not consistent with the described the symptoms
pages 1203-1204
◉ Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by children
diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot to relieve hypoxic spells?
a. Lying on their left side
b. Performing the valsalva maneuver
, c. Squatting
d. hyperventilating. Answer: c. Squatting
Exp: squatting is a spontaneous compensatory mechanism used by
older children to alleviate hypoxic spells. Squatting and its variants
increase systemic resistance while decreasing venous return to the
heart from the inferior vena cava. The other options would not result
in these changes. pg 1209
◉ An infant diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus would
likely exhibit which symptom?
a. Intermittent murmur
b. Lack of symptoms
c. Need for surgical repair
d. Triad of congenital defects. Answer: b. Lack of symptoms
Exp: Infants with a small PDA usually remain asymptomatic. page
1203-1204
◉ Fluid in the pleural space characterizes which condition?
a. Pleural effusion
b. Atelectasis
c. Bronchiectasis
d. Ischemia. Answer: a. Pleural Effusion
Exp: Pleural effusion is the presence of fluid in the pleural space.
page1254
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
PRACTICE SOLUTION VERIFIED
◉ Which of the following statements best describes Raynaud disease?
a. An inflammatory disorder of small and medium-size arteries in the
feet and sometimes in the hands
b. A neoplastic disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of the
upper extremities
c. A vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the
fingers, and less commonly, the toes
d. An autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper
and lower extremities. Answer: c. A vasospastic disorder of the small
arteries and arterioles of the fingers, and less commonly, the toes
◉ A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and elevated
pulmonary vascular resistance. Which of the following heart failures
may result from this condition?
a. Right heart failure
b. Left heart failure
c. Low-output failure
d. High-output failure. Answer: a. Right heart failure
,Exp: Right heart failure is defined as the inability of the right
ventricle to provide adequate blood flow into the pulmonary
circulation at a normal central venous pressure. It most often results
from the left heart failure when the increase in left ventricular filling
pressure that is reflected back into the pulmonary circulation is severe
enough. As pressure in the pulmonary circulation rises, the resistance
to right ventricular emptying increases.
◉ What physical sign is the result of turbulent blood flow through a
vessel?
a. Increased blood pressure during periods of stress
b. Bounding pulse felt on palpation
c. Cyanosis observed on excretion
d. Murmur heard on auscultation. Answer: d. Murmur heard on
auscultation
Exp: Where flow is obstructed the vessel turns or blood flows over
rough surfaces. The flow becomes turbulent with whorls or eddy
currents that produce noise causing a murmur to be heard on
auscultation such as occurs during blood pressure measurement with a
sphygomanometer. This selection is the only option that accurately
identifies the physical sign of turbulent vascular blood flow. pg 1113
◉ Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and
down syndrome?
a. Coarctation of the aorta and pulmonary stenosis
b. Tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus
c. Atrial septal defect and dextrocardia
,d. Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus. Answer: d.
Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus
Exp: Congenital heart defects that are related to dysfunction of
trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and down syndrome include VSD and PDA
see Table 33-2 The other defects are not associated with dysfunction
of trisomy 13 or 17 and down syndrome. pg 1200
◉ An infant has a continuous machine/type murmur best heard at the
left upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole as well as a
bounding pulse and a thrill on palpation. These clinical findings are
consistent with which congenital heart defect?
a. Atrial septal defect
b. Ventricular septal defect
c. Patent ductus arteriosus
d. Atrioventricular canal defect. Answer: c. Patent ductus arteriosus
Exp: If pulmonary vascular resistance has fallen then infants with will
characteristically have a continuous machine/type murmur best heard
at the left upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole. If the
PDA is significant then the infant also will have bounding pulses an
active precordium, a thrill on palpation and signs and symptoms of
pulmonary over circulation. The presentations of the other congenital
heart defects are not consistent with the described the symptoms
pages 1203-1204
◉ Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by children
diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot to relieve hypoxic spells?
a. Lying on their left side
b. Performing the valsalva maneuver
, c. Squatting
d. hyperventilating. Answer: c. Squatting
Exp: squatting is a spontaneous compensatory mechanism used by
older children to alleviate hypoxic spells. Squatting and its variants
increase systemic resistance while decreasing venous return to the
heart from the inferior vena cava. The other options would not result
in these changes. pg 1209
◉ An infant diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus would
likely exhibit which symptom?
a. Intermittent murmur
b. Lack of symptoms
c. Need for surgical repair
d. Triad of congenital defects. Answer: b. Lack of symptoms
Exp: Infants with a small PDA usually remain asymptomatic. page
1203-1204
◉ Fluid in the pleural space characterizes which condition?
a. Pleural effusion
b. Atelectasis
c. Bronchiectasis
d. Ischemia. Answer: a. Pleural Effusion
Exp: Pleural effusion is the presence of fluid in the pleural space.
page1254
