NRl 341/l NR341l Examl 2:l Complexl Adultl
Healthl Guidel (Latestl 2026/l 2027l Update)l
|l Qsl &l As|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl
(Verifiedl Answers)-l Chamberlain
QUESTION
acutel renall failure
Answer:
-l developsl overl al shortl periodl ofl timel (hoursl orl al fewl days)
-l kidneysl stopl functioningl properly
Types:
Prel renal:
-l duel tol decreasedl perfusionl tol thel kidneysl
-l hypovolemicl shock
-l renall arteryl obstructionl
-l decreasedl COl (MI)
Intral renal:
-l directlyl injuryl thel kidney'sl nephrons
-l nephrotoxicl drugsl (NSAIDs,l antibiotics,l contrastl dye)
-l releasel ofl myoglobinl froml damagedl musclel cellsl (rhabdomyolysis)
Postl renal:
-l mechanicallyl obstructionl ofl thel flowl ofl urinel
-l BPH,l kidneyl stones,l kidneyl tumorsl
Phases:
Oliguria:
-l decreasedl urinel outputl (lessl thanl 400mll al day)
-l lastsl 10-14l days
-l increasel inl BUNl andl creatininel
,-l hyperkalemia,l hyperphosphatemia,l hypocalcemia,l hyponatremial
-l metabolicl acidosisl
-l FVEl
-l highl preload
Diuresis:
-l whenl kidneysl startl tol respondl tol treatment
-l 1-5Ll ofl urinel outputl al day
-l FVDl
-l hyponatremia,l hypokalemial
Recovery:
-l urinel outputl normalizesl
-l BUNl andl creatininel normalizel
-l mayl takel upl tol 12l monthsl tol recover
Complications:
-l CKDl
Nursingl management:l
-l I&O
-l dailyl weight
-l VSl (BP)
-l labsl (creatinine,l BUN,l electrolytes,l urinel specificl gravity)
Medicall management:
-l diureticsl
-l hyperphosphatemial =l phosphatel bindingl agentsl (givel withl foodl -->l sevelamerl akal
renagel)
-l hyperkalemial =l (KIND)l kayexalatel (sodiuml polystyrenel sulfonate),l insulinl withl
dextrose,l NAHC03l IVl (sodiuml bicarbonate),l dialysis,l sorbitoll (inducesl al bowell
movement),l calciuml gluconate,l calciuml channell blockersl (stabilizesl myocardium)
-l epoetinl alfal injectionl
Nutrition:
-l potassium,l phosphate,l sodium,l andl magnesiuml restrictions
-l restrictl fluid/sodiuml intake
-l highl proteinl tol replacel thel highl ratel ofl protein
,breakdownl duel tol stressl froml thel illness
-l possiblel TPN
QUESTION
hypocalcemia
Answer:
Cl -l convulsions
Al -l arrhythmia
Tl -l tetany
Sl -l stridorl
-l paresthesial
-l positivel chvostekl andl trousseau
QUESTION
calciuml channell blockersl tol maintainl celll integrityl andl increasel GFR
Answer:
Forl AKIl causedl byl medicationl nephrotoxicity,l whatl shouldl bel administered?
QUESTION
acutel renall failurel typesl ofl dialysis
Answer:
Hemodialysis:
-l indicatedl forl hyperkalemia,l pericarditisl andl otherl seriousl effectsl orl uremial
-l temporaryl doublel lumenl catheterl inl al largel veinl (jugular,l femoral)
-l complicationl =l hypotension,l bleedingl atl site,l musclel cramping,l sepsis,l airl embolism,l
DDSl (cerebrall edema;l neurologicall manifestationsl akal disequilibriuml syndrome)
Continuousl renall replacementl therapyl (CRRT):
-l usedl forl patientsl experiencingl cardiogenicl shockl
-l temporaryl doublel lumenl catheterl inl al largel veinl (jugular,l femoral)
-l mostl commonl indicationl =l FVE
-l causesl lessl hemodynamicl instabilityl comparedl tol hemodialysisl
-l monitorl hourlyl I&Ol andl VS
, Peritoneall dialysis:
-l notl common;l slower;l higherl riskl ofl infection
-l usesl peritoneall cavityl
-l catheterl intol abdomenl
-l complicationl =l peritonitisl (increasingl WBC,l rigidl abdomen,l cloudyl output)
QUESTION
kidneyl disease
Answer:
CRF:l stagesl 1-3l
-l don'tl givel dyes,l NSAIDS,l andl steroidsl (theyl worsenl kidneyl disease)
ESRD:l
Stagel 4l =l <29l GFR
Stagel 5l =l <15l GFR
-l dialysisl isl needed
QUESTION
4/5
Answer:
Whatl stagel dol wel startl patientsl onl dialysisl withl kidneyl disease?
QUESTION
lookingl atl thel GFR..l morel thanl 90l =l normal;l thel lowerl itl gets,l thel worsel thel kidneyl
diseasel is
Answer:
Howl dol wel stagel kidneyl disease?
QUESTION
6l weeks-l 3l months
Healthl Guidel (Latestl 2026/l 2027l Update)l
|l Qsl &l As|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl
(Verifiedl Answers)-l Chamberlain
QUESTION
acutel renall failure
Answer:
-l developsl overl al shortl periodl ofl timel (hoursl orl al fewl days)
-l kidneysl stopl functioningl properly
Types:
Prel renal:
-l duel tol decreasedl perfusionl tol thel kidneysl
-l hypovolemicl shock
-l renall arteryl obstructionl
-l decreasedl COl (MI)
Intral renal:
-l directlyl injuryl thel kidney'sl nephrons
-l nephrotoxicl drugsl (NSAIDs,l antibiotics,l contrastl dye)
-l releasel ofl myoglobinl froml damagedl musclel cellsl (rhabdomyolysis)
Postl renal:
-l mechanicallyl obstructionl ofl thel flowl ofl urinel
-l BPH,l kidneyl stones,l kidneyl tumorsl
Phases:
Oliguria:
-l decreasedl urinel outputl (lessl thanl 400mll al day)
-l lastsl 10-14l days
-l increasel inl BUNl andl creatininel
,-l hyperkalemia,l hyperphosphatemia,l hypocalcemia,l hyponatremial
-l metabolicl acidosisl
-l FVEl
-l highl preload
Diuresis:
-l whenl kidneysl startl tol respondl tol treatment
-l 1-5Ll ofl urinel outputl al day
-l FVDl
-l hyponatremia,l hypokalemial
Recovery:
-l urinel outputl normalizesl
-l BUNl andl creatininel normalizel
-l mayl takel upl tol 12l monthsl tol recover
Complications:
-l CKDl
Nursingl management:l
-l I&O
-l dailyl weight
-l VSl (BP)
-l labsl (creatinine,l BUN,l electrolytes,l urinel specificl gravity)
Medicall management:
-l diureticsl
-l hyperphosphatemial =l phosphatel bindingl agentsl (givel withl foodl -->l sevelamerl akal
renagel)
-l hyperkalemial =l (KIND)l kayexalatel (sodiuml polystyrenel sulfonate),l insulinl withl
dextrose,l NAHC03l IVl (sodiuml bicarbonate),l dialysis,l sorbitoll (inducesl al bowell
movement),l calciuml gluconate,l calciuml channell blockersl (stabilizesl myocardium)
-l epoetinl alfal injectionl
Nutrition:
-l potassium,l phosphate,l sodium,l andl magnesiuml restrictions
-l restrictl fluid/sodiuml intake
-l highl proteinl tol replacel thel highl ratel ofl protein
,breakdownl duel tol stressl froml thel illness
-l possiblel TPN
QUESTION
hypocalcemia
Answer:
Cl -l convulsions
Al -l arrhythmia
Tl -l tetany
Sl -l stridorl
-l paresthesial
-l positivel chvostekl andl trousseau
QUESTION
calciuml channell blockersl tol maintainl celll integrityl andl increasel GFR
Answer:
Forl AKIl causedl byl medicationl nephrotoxicity,l whatl shouldl bel administered?
QUESTION
acutel renall failurel typesl ofl dialysis
Answer:
Hemodialysis:
-l indicatedl forl hyperkalemia,l pericarditisl andl otherl seriousl effectsl orl uremial
-l temporaryl doublel lumenl catheterl inl al largel veinl (jugular,l femoral)
-l complicationl =l hypotension,l bleedingl atl site,l musclel cramping,l sepsis,l airl embolism,l
DDSl (cerebrall edema;l neurologicall manifestationsl akal disequilibriuml syndrome)
Continuousl renall replacementl therapyl (CRRT):
-l usedl forl patientsl experiencingl cardiogenicl shockl
-l temporaryl doublel lumenl catheterl inl al largel veinl (jugular,l femoral)
-l mostl commonl indicationl =l FVE
-l causesl lessl hemodynamicl instabilityl comparedl tol hemodialysisl
-l monitorl hourlyl I&Ol andl VS
, Peritoneall dialysis:
-l notl common;l slower;l higherl riskl ofl infection
-l usesl peritoneall cavityl
-l catheterl intol abdomenl
-l complicationl =l peritonitisl (increasingl WBC,l rigidl abdomen,l cloudyl output)
QUESTION
kidneyl disease
Answer:
CRF:l stagesl 1-3l
-l don'tl givel dyes,l NSAIDS,l andl steroidsl (theyl worsenl kidneyl disease)
ESRD:l
Stagel 4l =l <29l GFR
Stagel 5l =l <15l GFR
-l dialysisl isl needed
QUESTION
4/5
Answer:
Whatl stagel dol wel startl patientsl onl dialysisl withl kidneyl disease?
QUESTION
lookingl atl thel GFR..l morel thanl 90l =l normal;l thel lowerl itl gets,l thel worsel thel kidneyl
diseasel is
Answer:
Howl dol wel stagel kidneyl disease?
QUESTION
6l weeks-l 3l months
