VATI PN PHARMACOLOGY ASSESSMENT
EXAMS WITH ACTUAL CORRECT
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A +
GUARANTEED PASS
1. A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection. Which site is
preferred for a 2-month-old infant?
A) Deltoid
B) Ventrogluteal
C) Vastus lateralis
D) Dorsogluteal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The vastus lateralis is the preferred IM site for infants because it is well-
developed and free of major nerves and blood vessels. The dorsogluteal site is not
used in children under 2 years. The deltoid is small in infants, and the ventrogluteal
is acceptable but not the primary choice in very young infants.
2. A patient taking warfarin (Coumadin) should be taught to avoid which over-the-
counter medication?
A) Acetaminophen
B) Ibuprofen
C) Guaifenesin
D) Docusate sodium
Correct Answer: B
,Rationale: NSAIDs like ibuprofen increase the risk of bleeding when taken with
warfarin due to antiplatelet effects and gastric irritation. Acetaminophen is safer
but should still be used cautiously in large doses. Guaifenesin and docusate do not
significantly affect INR.
3. Which laboratory value should the nurse monitor for a patient receiving
furosemide (Lasix)?
A) Serum calcium
B) Serum potassium
C) Hemoglobin A1c
D) Serum albumin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that causes potassium loss, leading to
hypokalemia. Serum potassium levels should be monitored regularly. Replacement
therapy may be needed.
4. A patient is prescribed albuterol via metered-dose inhaler. Which instruction
should the nurse include?
A) “Wait at least 5 minutes between puffs.”
B) “Hold your breath for 30 seconds after inhaling.”
C) “Shake the inhaler and exhale fully before bringing the inhaler to your mouth.”
D) “Inhale quickly and forcefully.”
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Proper MDI technique: shake, exhale fully, place mouthpiece, and
inhale slowly and deeply. Holding breath for 10 seconds is typically recommended.
,Waiting 1-2 minutes between puffs is advised for some inhalers. The key initial step
is shaking and exhaling.
5. A nurse is to administer digoxin (Lanoxin) 0.125 mg PO. Available is digoxin 0.25
mg per tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer?
A) 0.5 tablet
B) 1 tablet
C) 1.5 tablets
D) 2 tablets
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: 0.125 mg / 0.25 mg = 0.5 tablet. The nurse should check the apical
pulse for 1 full minute before administration; hold if <60 bpm.
6. A patient on phenelzine (Nardil), an MAOI, states he is going to a party where
aged cheese and wine will be served. The nurse should advise:
A) “It's okay to have a small amount of cheese and wine.”
B) “Avoid aged cheeses and wine because they can cause a hypertensive crisis.”
C) “Take an extra dose of phenelzine before the party.”
D) “You may drink wine but avoid cheese.”
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: MAOIs interact with tyramine-rich foods (aged cheese, wine, cured
meats) causing severe hypertension (hypertensive crisis). Patients must adhere to
strict dietary restrictions.
, 7. A patient is receiving gentamicin intravenously. The nurse should monitor for
which adverse effect?
A) Hepatotoxicity
B) Ototoxicity
C) Pancreatitis
D) Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aminoglycosides (gentamicin) are nephrotoxic and ototoxic (both
cochlear and vestibular). Peak and trough levels are monitored to minimize risk.
8. Which of the following is the antidote for heparin overdose?
A) Vitamin K
B) Protamine sulfate
C) Naloxone
D) Flumazenil
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Protamine sulfate reverses heparin. Vitamin K reverses warfarin.
Naloxone is for opioid overdose; flumazenil for benzodiazepines.
9. A nurse is teaching a patient about taking metformin (Glucophage). Which
statement indicates understanding?
A) “I will stop taking the medication if my blood sugar is normal.”
B) “I should take metformin with meals to reduce stomach upset.”
C) “I can drink alcohol heavily while taking metformin.”
D) “This medication can cause my blood sugar to drop too low.”
Correct Answer: B
EXAMS WITH ACTUAL CORRECT
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A +
GUARANTEED PASS
1. A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection. Which site is
preferred for a 2-month-old infant?
A) Deltoid
B) Ventrogluteal
C) Vastus lateralis
D) Dorsogluteal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The vastus lateralis is the preferred IM site for infants because it is well-
developed and free of major nerves and blood vessels. The dorsogluteal site is not
used in children under 2 years. The deltoid is small in infants, and the ventrogluteal
is acceptable but not the primary choice in very young infants.
2. A patient taking warfarin (Coumadin) should be taught to avoid which over-the-
counter medication?
A) Acetaminophen
B) Ibuprofen
C) Guaifenesin
D) Docusate sodium
Correct Answer: B
,Rationale: NSAIDs like ibuprofen increase the risk of bleeding when taken with
warfarin due to antiplatelet effects and gastric irritation. Acetaminophen is safer
but should still be used cautiously in large doses. Guaifenesin and docusate do not
significantly affect INR.
3. Which laboratory value should the nurse monitor for a patient receiving
furosemide (Lasix)?
A) Serum calcium
B) Serum potassium
C) Hemoglobin A1c
D) Serum albumin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that causes potassium loss, leading to
hypokalemia. Serum potassium levels should be monitored regularly. Replacement
therapy may be needed.
4. A patient is prescribed albuterol via metered-dose inhaler. Which instruction
should the nurse include?
A) “Wait at least 5 minutes between puffs.”
B) “Hold your breath for 30 seconds after inhaling.”
C) “Shake the inhaler and exhale fully before bringing the inhaler to your mouth.”
D) “Inhale quickly and forcefully.”
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Proper MDI technique: shake, exhale fully, place mouthpiece, and
inhale slowly and deeply. Holding breath for 10 seconds is typically recommended.
,Waiting 1-2 minutes between puffs is advised for some inhalers. The key initial step
is shaking and exhaling.
5. A nurse is to administer digoxin (Lanoxin) 0.125 mg PO. Available is digoxin 0.25
mg per tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer?
A) 0.5 tablet
B) 1 tablet
C) 1.5 tablets
D) 2 tablets
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: 0.125 mg / 0.25 mg = 0.5 tablet. The nurse should check the apical
pulse for 1 full minute before administration; hold if <60 bpm.
6. A patient on phenelzine (Nardil), an MAOI, states he is going to a party where
aged cheese and wine will be served. The nurse should advise:
A) “It's okay to have a small amount of cheese and wine.”
B) “Avoid aged cheeses and wine because they can cause a hypertensive crisis.”
C) “Take an extra dose of phenelzine before the party.”
D) “You may drink wine but avoid cheese.”
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: MAOIs interact with tyramine-rich foods (aged cheese, wine, cured
meats) causing severe hypertension (hypertensive crisis). Patients must adhere to
strict dietary restrictions.
, 7. A patient is receiving gentamicin intravenously. The nurse should monitor for
which adverse effect?
A) Hepatotoxicity
B) Ototoxicity
C) Pancreatitis
D) Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aminoglycosides (gentamicin) are nephrotoxic and ototoxic (both
cochlear and vestibular). Peak and trough levels are monitored to minimize risk.
8. Which of the following is the antidote for heparin overdose?
A) Vitamin K
B) Protamine sulfate
C) Naloxone
D) Flumazenil
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Protamine sulfate reverses heparin. Vitamin K reverses warfarin.
Naloxone is for opioid overdose; flumazenil for benzodiazepines.
9. A nurse is teaching a patient about taking metformin (Glucophage). Which
statement indicates understanding?
A) “I will stop taking the medication if my blood sugar is normal.”
B) “I should take metformin with meals to reduce stomach upset.”
C) “I can drink alcohol heavily while taking metformin.”
D) “This medication can cause my blood sugar to drop too low.”
Correct Answer: B
