NSG6020 Midterm 2026-2027 All 160
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describe the blood flow through the heart
RA>tricuspid>RV>pulm valve> pulm artery> lungs>
pulm vein> LA> mitral> LV> aortic valve>
aorta>body> SVC/IVC
What physical structures does the heart lie in
2-5 ICS (intercostal space) to LMCL(left
midclavicular line)
pericardium
a sac lining the outer layer of the heart, pericardial
fluid prevents friction
,S1 heart sound and closure of what valves
systole or diastole?
'LUB' closure of atrioventricular valves or (mitraL
and TRIcuspid)
systole
S2 heart sound and closure of what valves
systole or diastole?
'DUB' closure of semilunar valves or (aortic and
pulmonic)
diastole
S3 can be heard when?
Early diastole S1——S2-S3—S1
what is cause of S3
rapid filling of ventricles, can be due to volume
overload in ventricles (CHF and valve regurg)
when is S4 heard?
,Late diastole S1——S2——S4-S1
what causes an S4
when remaining 20@ of ventricle fills, can be due to
HTN because LV is stiff due to beating harder to
push it out thru resistant vessels
what does a opening snap or ejection click mean
damage to the valve
heart sound location: Aortic valve
2nd ICS RSB(right sternal border)
heart sound location: Pulmonic valve
2nd ICS LSB(left sternal border
heart sound location: Tricuspid valve
5th ICS LSB(left sternal border)
heart sound location: Mitral valve
5th ICS LMCL(left midclavicular line); also the apex
heart sound location: Erbs point
3rd ICS LSB(left sternal border)
what valve can be heard at the apex of the heart
, mitral
what are some controllable cardiac risk factors
smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, HTN,
overweight, poor diet, physical inactivity, alcohol
use
what are uncontrollable cardiac risk factors
age, sex, genetics
conduction rate of SA node
60-100
conduction rate of AV node
40-60
conduction rate of ventricles
20-40
P wave indicates?
atrial depolarization (contraction)
QRS indicates
ventricular depolarization (contraction)
T wave indicates
Questions and Answers Already Graded A+
Premium Exam Tested And Verified
describe the blood flow through the heart
RA>tricuspid>RV>pulm valve> pulm artery> lungs>
pulm vein> LA> mitral> LV> aortic valve>
aorta>body> SVC/IVC
What physical structures does the heart lie in
2-5 ICS (intercostal space) to LMCL(left
midclavicular line)
pericardium
a sac lining the outer layer of the heart, pericardial
fluid prevents friction
,S1 heart sound and closure of what valves
systole or diastole?
'LUB' closure of atrioventricular valves or (mitraL
and TRIcuspid)
systole
S2 heart sound and closure of what valves
systole or diastole?
'DUB' closure of semilunar valves or (aortic and
pulmonic)
diastole
S3 can be heard when?
Early diastole S1——S2-S3—S1
what is cause of S3
rapid filling of ventricles, can be due to volume
overload in ventricles (CHF and valve regurg)
when is S4 heard?
,Late diastole S1——S2——S4-S1
what causes an S4
when remaining 20@ of ventricle fills, can be due to
HTN because LV is stiff due to beating harder to
push it out thru resistant vessels
what does a opening snap or ejection click mean
damage to the valve
heart sound location: Aortic valve
2nd ICS RSB(right sternal border)
heart sound location: Pulmonic valve
2nd ICS LSB(left sternal border
heart sound location: Tricuspid valve
5th ICS LSB(left sternal border)
heart sound location: Mitral valve
5th ICS LMCL(left midclavicular line); also the apex
heart sound location: Erbs point
3rd ICS LSB(left sternal border)
what valve can be heard at the apex of the heart
, mitral
what are some controllable cardiac risk factors
smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, HTN,
overweight, poor diet, physical inactivity, alcohol
use
what are uncontrollable cardiac risk factors
age, sex, genetics
conduction rate of SA node
60-100
conduction rate of AV node
40-60
conduction rate of ventricles
20-40
P wave indicates?
atrial depolarization (contraction)
QRS indicates
ventricular depolarization (contraction)
T wave indicates
