NBME CBSE COMPREHENSIVE TEST BANK
SOLVED QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Polio live v killed vaccine. Answer: Killed = Salk = IgG
Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA
- can be shed in feces
◉ Neonatal Respiratory Distress:
Etiology + Tx. Answer: Maternal DM (*high insulin*)
or C-section (*low cortisol*)
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
◉ Lung maturity determined with. Answer: Amniocentesis of
Phospholipids (*type II pneumocytes)
L >> S
◉ Type I pneumocytes. Answer: Squamous gas diffusion
◉ Elastase in lungs. Answer: macrophage: *lysosomes*
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
,◉ Elastin stretches and recoils due to. Answer: Lysine interchain
crosslinks
◉ air pressure and
intrapleural pressure at FRC. Answer: Air pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5
◉ Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during. Answer: Exhale of Tidal
Volume
◉ Lung Compliance is decreased by. Answer: LHF, pulmonary
edema,
pulmonary fibrosis
◉ Lung Compliance is increased by. Answer: emphysema, age
◉ Obesity affects ERV and FRC. Answer: DECREASE
ERV & FRC
◉ Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic). Answer: pulmonary =
systemic
◉ Anatomic pulmonary shunting. Answer: Bronchial circulation
causes
,*decreased PO2 in LA/LV*
than in pulmonary capillaries
◉ More ventilation is at the. Answer: BASE
◉ O2-Hgb dissociation LEFT shift. Answer: basic, cold, low 2,3 BPG
low pO2 (compensatory erythrocytosis)
◉ O2-Hgb dissociation RIGHT shift. Answer: low pH, high 2,3BPG,
high T
HOT, ACIDIC
◉ CO2 transport to lungs. Answer: *carbonic anhydrase*
Cl shift
*Haldane*: CO2 released to lung
(*Bohr*: O2 release to tissue)
◉ CO poisoning causes. Answer: carboxyhemoglobin
no affect on PaO2
◉ Cyanide poisoning causes. Answer: lactic acidosis
◉ How to treat cyanide poisoning. Answer: *Amyl nitrite* -->
Methemoglobin
, THEN *Thiosulfate* (hydroxycobalamin)
◉ Normal A-a gradient. Answer: 5-15
Hypoventilation: Heroin OD or high altitude
◉ Increased A-a gradient. Answer: *Diffusion impairment* (fibrosis)
*R-L shunt* (aspiration, ARDS)
*V/Q mismatch* (pulmonary edema
◉ AT --> AT II
where and how. Answer: ACE
(- high in sarcoidosis)
In small pulmonary bV
◉ C5a induces what. Answer: PMN influx (ie: in lungs)
◉ Korotkoff sound. Answer: BP cuff - appear and disappear
in inflation/deflation
◉ Pulsus Paradoxus. Answer: 10mmHg difference in
Korotkoff sound
◉ Pulsus Paradoxus occurs in. Answer: Cardiac Tamponade
SOLVED QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Polio live v killed vaccine. Answer: Killed = Salk = IgG
Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA
- can be shed in feces
◉ Neonatal Respiratory Distress:
Etiology + Tx. Answer: Maternal DM (*high insulin*)
or C-section (*low cortisol*)
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
◉ Lung maturity determined with. Answer: Amniocentesis of
Phospholipids (*type II pneumocytes)
L >> S
◉ Type I pneumocytes. Answer: Squamous gas diffusion
◉ Elastase in lungs. Answer: macrophage: *lysosomes*
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
,◉ Elastin stretches and recoils due to. Answer: Lysine interchain
crosslinks
◉ air pressure and
intrapleural pressure at FRC. Answer: Air pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5
◉ Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during. Answer: Exhale of Tidal
Volume
◉ Lung Compliance is decreased by. Answer: LHF, pulmonary
edema,
pulmonary fibrosis
◉ Lung Compliance is increased by. Answer: emphysema, age
◉ Obesity affects ERV and FRC. Answer: DECREASE
ERV & FRC
◉ Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic). Answer: pulmonary =
systemic
◉ Anatomic pulmonary shunting. Answer: Bronchial circulation
causes
,*decreased PO2 in LA/LV*
than in pulmonary capillaries
◉ More ventilation is at the. Answer: BASE
◉ O2-Hgb dissociation LEFT shift. Answer: basic, cold, low 2,3 BPG
low pO2 (compensatory erythrocytosis)
◉ O2-Hgb dissociation RIGHT shift. Answer: low pH, high 2,3BPG,
high T
HOT, ACIDIC
◉ CO2 transport to lungs. Answer: *carbonic anhydrase*
Cl shift
*Haldane*: CO2 released to lung
(*Bohr*: O2 release to tissue)
◉ CO poisoning causes. Answer: carboxyhemoglobin
no affect on PaO2
◉ Cyanide poisoning causes. Answer: lactic acidosis
◉ How to treat cyanide poisoning. Answer: *Amyl nitrite* -->
Methemoglobin
, THEN *Thiosulfate* (hydroxycobalamin)
◉ Normal A-a gradient. Answer: 5-15
Hypoventilation: Heroin OD or high altitude
◉ Increased A-a gradient. Answer: *Diffusion impairment* (fibrosis)
*R-L shunt* (aspiration, ARDS)
*V/Q mismatch* (pulmonary edema
◉ AT --> AT II
where and how. Answer: ACE
(- high in sarcoidosis)
In small pulmonary bV
◉ C5a induces what. Answer: PMN influx (ie: in lungs)
◉ Korotkoff sound. Answer: BP cuff - appear and disappear
in inflation/deflation
◉ Pulsus Paradoxus. Answer: 10mmHg difference in
Korotkoff sound
◉ Pulsus Paradoxus occurs in. Answer: Cardiac Tamponade
