,Pharmacotherapy
A Pathophysiologic Approach
Seventh Edition
, NOTICE
Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden
our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and
the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their
efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the
standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of
human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor
any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work
warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete,
and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for the results
obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged
to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in
particular, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the
package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information
contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the
recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommenda-
tion is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs.
, Pharmacotherapy
A Pathophysiologic Approach
Seventh Edition
Joseph T. DiPiro, PharmD, FCCP
Executive Dean and Professor, South Carolina
College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
Robert L. Talbert, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS, CLS
SmithKline Professor, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin,
Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health
Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
Gary C. Yee, PharmD, FCCP, BCOP
Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice,
College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center,
Omaha, Nebraska
Gary R. Matzke, PharmD, FCP, FCCP
Professor of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics and Associate
Dean for Clinical Research and Public Policy, School of Pharmacy,
Professor of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, School of Medicine,
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
Barbara G. Wells, PharmD, FASHP, FCCP, BCPP
Dean and Professor, Executive Director of the Research Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy,
The University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi
L. Michael Posey, BSPharm
Editorial Director, Periodicals Department, American Pharmacists Association,
Washington, D.C.
New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City
Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto
A Pathophysiologic Approach
Seventh Edition
, NOTICE
Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden
our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and
the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their
efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the
standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of
human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor
any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work
warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete,
and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for the results
obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged
to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in
particular, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the
package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information
contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the
recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommenda-
tion is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs.
, Pharmacotherapy
A Pathophysiologic Approach
Seventh Edition
Joseph T. DiPiro, PharmD, FCCP
Executive Dean and Professor, South Carolina
College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
Robert L. Talbert, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS, CLS
SmithKline Professor, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin,
Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health
Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
Gary C. Yee, PharmD, FCCP, BCOP
Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice,
College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center,
Omaha, Nebraska
Gary R. Matzke, PharmD, FCP, FCCP
Professor of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics and Associate
Dean for Clinical Research and Public Policy, School of Pharmacy,
Professor of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, School of Medicine,
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
Barbara G. Wells, PharmD, FASHP, FCCP, BCPP
Dean and Professor, Executive Director of the Research Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy,
The University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi
L. Michael Posey, BSPharm
Editorial Director, Periodicals Department, American Pharmacists Association,
Washington, D.C.
New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City
Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto
