NURS 5334 Antimicrobial Therapy and Drug Resistance
Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED
100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
1. Chemotherapy - Correct Answer: use of chemical substances to treat
disease
2. Chemotherapeutic agent (drug) - Correct Answer: any chemical used in
medical practice
3. Antimicrobial agent - Correct Answer: a drug used to treat diseases
caused by microbes
4. Antibiotic - Correct Answer: a chemical substance made by
microorganisms that inhibits the growth of other species of microorganism
or kills other species of microorganisms
5. Synthetic drug - Correct Answer: an antimicrobial agent that is
synthesized in the laboratory
6. Semisynthetic drug - Correct Answer: antimicrobial agents made partly
by microorganisms, and partly in the laboratory
,7. Traditional/herbal treatments - Correct Answer: Moldy (antibiotic)
bread used to treat wounds. Willow bark (salicylic acid, aspirin) used to
treat pain. Cinchona bark (quinine) for malaria.
8. Selective toxicity - Correct Answer: the agent must harm the microbe
without significantly harming the patient.
9. Toxic dosage level - Correct Answer: dose which causes host damage.
10.Therapeutic level - Correct Answer: dose which effectively eliminates
the pathogen.
11.Chemotherapeutic index - Correct Answer: maximum tolerable dose per
kg of body weight divided by the minimum dose per kg of body weight that
will cure the disease.
12.Broad spectrum agents - Correct Answer: are effective against a wide
range of taxonomic groups, including both Gram-positive and Gram-
negative organisms.
13.Narrow spectrum agents - Correct Answer: are effective against only a
small number of pathogens, or a single taxonomic group.
, 14.Mode of action - Correct Answer: the means by which a drug works, not
always known.
15.Inhibition of cell wall synthesis - Correct Answer: cell walls are found in
fungi and bacteria, not in animals (humans).
16.Penicillin and cephalosporin - Correct Answer: contain a beta-lactam
ring, which attaches to enzymes that construct cross-links in peptidoglycan,
preventing cell wall synthesis.
17.Disruption of cell membrane function - Correct Answer: Cell membrane
structure is based on a phospholipid bilayer in all species, but other
molecules in membranes make bacterial membranes and eukaryotic
membranes sufficiently different from each other that selective agents can
be found.
18.Polymyxins - Correct Answer: Polypeptides that act as detergents,
distorting membranes, probably by binding to phospholipids, causing loss of
cytoplasm. Particularly effective against Gram-negative bacteria, with
phospholipid-rich outer membranes. Not effective against fungi.
19.Polyene antibiotics - Correct Answer: Bind to sterols in fungus and
animal cell membranes. Not effective against bacteria.
20.Inhibition of protein synthesis - Correct Answer: Differences between
bacterial 70S ribosomes and eukaryotic 80S ribosomes allow selective
agents to be found.
Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED
100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
1. Chemotherapy - Correct Answer: use of chemical substances to treat
disease
2. Chemotherapeutic agent (drug) - Correct Answer: any chemical used in
medical practice
3. Antimicrobial agent - Correct Answer: a drug used to treat diseases
caused by microbes
4. Antibiotic - Correct Answer: a chemical substance made by
microorganisms that inhibits the growth of other species of microorganism
or kills other species of microorganisms
5. Synthetic drug - Correct Answer: an antimicrobial agent that is
synthesized in the laboratory
6. Semisynthetic drug - Correct Answer: antimicrobial agents made partly
by microorganisms, and partly in the laboratory
,7. Traditional/herbal treatments - Correct Answer: Moldy (antibiotic)
bread used to treat wounds. Willow bark (salicylic acid, aspirin) used to
treat pain. Cinchona bark (quinine) for malaria.
8. Selective toxicity - Correct Answer: the agent must harm the microbe
without significantly harming the patient.
9. Toxic dosage level - Correct Answer: dose which causes host damage.
10.Therapeutic level - Correct Answer: dose which effectively eliminates
the pathogen.
11.Chemotherapeutic index - Correct Answer: maximum tolerable dose per
kg of body weight divided by the minimum dose per kg of body weight that
will cure the disease.
12.Broad spectrum agents - Correct Answer: are effective against a wide
range of taxonomic groups, including both Gram-positive and Gram-
negative organisms.
13.Narrow spectrum agents - Correct Answer: are effective against only a
small number of pathogens, or a single taxonomic group.
, 14.Mode of action - Correct Answer: the means by which a drug works, not
always known.
15.Inhibition of cell wall synthesis - Correct Answer: cell walls are found in
fungi and bacteria, not in animals (humans).
16.Penicillin and cephalosporin - Correct Answer: contain a beta-lactam
ring, which attaches to enzymes that construct cross-links in peptidoglycan,
preventing cell wall synthesis.
17.Disruption of cell membrane function - Correct Answer: Cell membrane
structure is based on a phospholipid bilayer in all species, but other
molecules in membranes make bacterial membranes and eukaryotic
membranes sufficiently different from each other that selective agents can
be found.
18.Polymyxins - Correct Answer: Polypeptides that act as detergents,
distorting membranes, probably by binding to phospholipids, causing loss of
cytoplasm. Particularly effective against Gram-negative bacteria, with
phospholipid-rich outer membranes. Not effective against fungi.
19.Polyene antibiotics - Correct Answer: Bind to sterols in fungus and
animal cell membranes. Not effective against bacteria.
20.Inhibition of protein synthesis - Correct Answer: Differences between
bacterial 70S ribosomes and eukaryotic 80S ribosomes allow selective
agents to be found.
