NASM CPT 7TH EDITION (CHAPTER 7) | PERFECT PREP FOR
EVERY PAPER | PRECISION IN EVERY ANSWER!
Isometric Muscle Actions Answer: when a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being
placed on it leading to no visible change in the muscle length
Human Movement System (HMS) Answer: the collective components and structures that work
together to move the body: muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems
Kinetic Chain Answer: a concept that describes the human body as a chain of interdependent
links that work together to perform movement
Regional Interdependence Model Answer: the concept describing the integrated functioning of
multiple body systems or regions of the body
Biomechanics Answer: the science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the
human body and the effects produced by these forces
Kinesiology Answer: study of movement as it relates to anatomy and physiology
Anatomic Position Answer: the position with the body erect, the arms at the sides, and the palms
forward. It is the same position of reference for anatomic nomenclature
Anatomic Location Definitions and Examples Answer: Medial - relatively closer to the midline
of the body
the adductors (inner thigh muscles) attach to the medial side of the femur (thigh bone)
Medial Answer: relatively closer to the midline of the body - the adductors (inner thigh muscles)
attach to the medial side of the femur (thigh bone)
Lateral Answer: relatively farther away from the midline or toward the outside of the body - the
ears are positioned laterally on the head
Contralateral Answer: positioned on the opposite side of the body - the right foot is contralateral
to the left hand
1
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, Ipsilateral Answer: positioned on the same side of the body - the right foot is ipsilateral to the
right hand
Anterior Answer: positioned on or toward the front of the body - the quadriceps are located on
the anterior aspect of the thigh
Posterior Answer: positioned on or toward the back of the body - the hamstring complex is
located on the posterior aspect of the thigh
Proximal Answer: positioned nearest to the center of the body or other identified reference point
- the wrist is more proximal to the elbow than the fingers
Distal Answer: positioned farthest from the center of the body or other identified reference point
- the ankle is more distal to the hip than the knee
Inferior Answer: positioned below an identified reference point - the soleus (calf muscle) is
inferior to the hamstring complex
Superior Answer: positioned above an identified reference point - the pelvis is superior to the
tibia (shin bone)
Osteokinematics Answer: movement of a limb that is visible
Arthrokinematics Answer: the description of joint surface movement; consists of three major
types: roll, slide, and spin
Sagittal Plane Answer: an imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves
Flexion Answer: a bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent
segments decreases
Extension Answer: a straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent
segments increases
Hyperextension Answer: extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion
Dorsiflexion Answer: flexion occurring at the ankle
Plantar Flexion Answer: extension occurring at the ankle. Pointing the foot downwards
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
EVERY PAPER | PRECISION IN EVERY ANSWER!
Isometric Muscle Actions Answer: when a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being
placed on it leading to no visible change in the muscle length
Human Movement System (HMS) Answer: the collective components and structures that work
together to move the body: muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems
Kinetic Chain Answer: a concept that describes the human body as a chain of interdependent
links that work together to perform movement
Regional Interdependence Model Answer: the concept describing the integrated functioning of
multiple body systems or regions of the body
Biomechanics Answer: the science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the
human body and the effects produced by these forces
Kinesiology Answer: study of movement as it relates to anatomy and physiology
Anatomic Position Answer: the position with the body erect, the arms at the sides, and the palms
forward. It is the same position of reference for anatomic nomenclature
Anatomic Location Definitions and Examples Answer: Medial - relatively closer to the midline
of the body
the adductors (inner thigh muscles) attach to the medial side of the femur (thigh bone)
Medial Answer: relatively closer to the midline of the body - the adductors (inner thigh muscles)
attach to the medial side of the femur (thigh bone)
Lateral Answer: relatively farther away from the midline or toward the outside of the body - the
ears are positioned laterally on the head
Contralateral Answer: positioned on the opposite side of the body - the right foot is contralateral
to the left hand
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, Ipsilateral Answer: positioned on the same side of the body - the right foot is ipsilateral to the
right hand
Anterior Answer: positioned on or toward the front of the body - the quadriceps are located on
the anterior aspect of the thigh
Posterior Answer: positioned on or toward the back of the body - the hamstring complex is
located on the posterior aspect of the thigh
Proximal Answer: positioned nearest to the center of the body or other identified reference point
- the wrist is more proximal to the elbow than the fingers
Distal Answer: positioned farthest from the center of the body or other identified reference point
- the ankle is more distal to the hip than the knee
Inferior Answer: positioned below an identified reference point - the soleus (calf muscle) is
inferior to the hamstring complex
Superior Answer: positioned above an identified reference point - the pelvis is superior to the
tibia (shin bone)
Osteokinematics Answer: movement of a limb that is visible
Arthrokinematics Answer: the description of joint surface movement; consists of three major
types: roll, slide, and spin
Sagittal Plane Answer: an imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves
Flexion Answer: a bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent
segments decreases
Extension Answer: a straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent
segments increases
Hyperextension Answer: extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion
Dorsiflexion Answer: flexion occurring at the ankle
Plantar Flexion Answer: extension occurring at the ankle. Pointing the foot downwards
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
