NURS 308 Final Exam Practice Exam (PDF) | Latest Update 2026/27 | A+ Verified | Instant Pdf Download

NURS 308 Final Exam Practice Exam (PDF) | Latest
Update 2026/27 | A+ Verified | Instant Pdf Download

1. Select the correct statement regarding the temperature response of the immune system.
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When macrophages encounter invading cells, they release
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immunoglobulin-1, which is carried to the brain by the circulatory system. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. ..




. . Interleukin-1 is a pyrogen, which can cause the neurons in the hypothalamus to . . . . . . . . . . .. .


. raise the body's temperature, producing a fever.
. . . . . .




.. Fever contributes to the body's defenses by stimulating hyperhidrosis and causing the
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.. liver and spleen to store magnesium.
. .. .. .. ..




. . Fevers above 99 F are often fatal. .. .. .. .. .. ..




2. Why is a fever an important component of the innate immune system response to
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some types of infections?
. . . .




. . Higher body temperatures inhibit the growth of some pathogens.
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. . A fever increases the production of transferrins
. . .. .. .. ..




.. It increases the body's circulation rate, which allows leukocytes to get to the site of
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infection
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. . All of the above . .. ..




3. Explain how a negative feedback mechanism contributes to the regulation of hormone levels in
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the body.
. .




.. It prevents the overproduction of hormones byinhibiting their synthesis when
. . . . . . . . .. ..


.. levels are high. .. ..




.. It promotes the continuous production of hormones regardless of their levels.
. . . . . . . . .. ..

, It allows for rapid fluctuations in hormone levels to meet immediate physiological
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needs.
.




. . It solely relies on external factors to regulate hormone levels.
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4. What is the function of secretin.
. . .. .. .




. . Promote Ca2+ reabsorption in the GI tract .. .. .. .. .. ..




. . Inhibit mucus secretion in the stomach .. .. .. .. ..




. . Prevent peristalsis in GI tract .. .. .. ..




. . Stimulate bicarbonate secretion from the pancreas .. .. .. .. ..




5. What is the main purpose of the digestive system in the human body?
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. . To circulate blood throughout the body
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. . To break down food into absorbable nutrients
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. . To regulate hormonal levels
.. .. ..




. . To filter waste from the blood
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6. Explain the significance of melena in diagnosing gastrointestinal conditions.
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. . It indicates a lower GI infection.
.. .. .. . ..




. . It suggests the presence of a gastrointestinal obstruction.
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. . It signifies upperGI bleeding and potential serious health issues.
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. . It is a normalvariation in stool color.
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7. Explain how autoregulation contributes to the stability of blood pressure in the body.
. . . . . . . . . . .. ..




. . It allows for rapid changes in heart rate
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, .. It adjusts blood vessel diameter in response to changes in blood flow
. . . . . . . . . . ..




. . It increases blood volume during exercise
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. . It prevents the formation of blood clots
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8. Which symptoms are commonly associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
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. . Persistent vomiting and weight loss .. .. .. ..




. . Alternating diarrhea and constipation .. .. ..




. . Severe abdominal bloating and fever
.. .. .. ..




. . Chronic fatigue and joint pain .. .. .. ..




9. Which specific regions of the gastrointestinaltract are involved in lower gastrointestinal
. . . . .. . . .. .. .. ..


bleeding?
..




. . Esophagus, stomach, duodenum .. ..




. . Jejunum, ileum, colon, rectum .. .. ..




. . Cecum, appendix, sigmoid colon .. .. ..




. . Pancreas, liver, gallbladder .. ..




10. Explain how portal hypertension leads to fluid accumulation in the peritoneal
.. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. ..


cavity.
.




. . By increasing osmotic pressure in the capillaries.
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. . By causing a decrease in blood flow to the liver.
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.. By causing an imbalance between hydrostatic and osmotic pressures.
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, . . By promoting the absorption of excess fluid from the peritoneal cavity.
. . . . .. . . . .. ..




11. Explain how bile duct obstruction can lead to the development of jaundice in a patient.
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. . It causes the liver to produce more bile.
.. .. .. . .. .. ..




.. It prevents the excretion of bilirubin, causing it to accumulate in the bloodstream.
. . . . . . . . . . . ..




. . It increases the production of red blood cells.
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. . It enhances the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
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12. The most prominent symptom of pyloric obstruction is persistent:
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. . Eructation

. . Heartburn

. . Vomiting

. . Hemorrhage

13. Which sensory stimuli are known to initiate the cephalic phase of digestion?
.. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. ..




. . Visual cues ..




. . Physical texture of food .. .. ..




. . Thought, smell, and taste of food .. .. .. .. ..




. . Sound of cooking .. ..




14. Explain the significance of an abnormal pH in uncompensated arterial blood
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . gas results.
..




.. It indicates the body is effectively compensating fora metabolic disturbance.
.. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. ..