WGU D446 OA EXAM PRACTICE: DATA
MANAGEMENT FOUNDATIONS
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
1. Which of the following describes the ‘Atomicity’ property in ACID?
A. Ensures that data is consistent before and after a transaction.
B. Ensures that the result of a transaction is permanent.
C. Ensures that all parts of a transaction are completed; otherwise, the transaction is
aborted.
D. Ensures that transactions occurring at the same time do not interfere with each other.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Atomicity ensures that a transaction is treated as a single unit,
which either succeeds completely or fails completely.
2. In a relational database, what is a ‘tuple’?
A. A column in a table.
B. A row in a table.
C. A relationship between tables.
D. A specific data type.
,Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: In relational algebra and database terminology, a row is referred
to as a tuple.
3. What is the primary purpose of a Foreign Key?
A. To establish and enforce a link between data in two tables.
B. To ensure that a column does not contain NULL values.
C. To speed up data retrieval performance.
D. To uniquely identify each record in a table.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: A foreign key is a column or group of columns used to provide a
link between data in two tables, ensuring referential integrity.
4. Which normal form requires that all non-key attributes are fully functionally dependent on
the entire primary key (no partial dependencies)?
A. First Normal Form (1NF)
B. Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
C. Third Normal Form (3NF)
D. Second Normal Form (2NF)
Answer: D
, Conceptual Explanation: 2NF requires that the table is in 1NF and that there are no
partial functional dependencies on the primary key.
5. Which SQL keyword is used to eliminate duplicate rows from the results of a SELECT
statement?
A. DISTINCT
B. ORDER BY
C. UNIQUE
D. GROUP BY
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The DISTINCT keyword is used to return only different (unique)
values in a result set.
6. In an Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD), what does a dashed line between two entities
typically represent?
A. A non-identifying relationship.
B. A many-to-many relationship.
C. A strong relationship.
D. An identifying relationship.
Answer: A
MANAGEMENT FOUNDATIONS
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
1. Which of the following describes the ‘Atomicity’ property in ACID?
A. Ensures that data is consistent before and after a transaction.
B. Ensures that the result of a transaction is permanent.
C. Ensures that all parts of a transaction are completed; otherwise, the transaction is
aborted.
D. Ensures that transactions occurring at the same time do not interfere with each other.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Atomicity ensures that a transaction is treated as a single unit,
which either succeeds completely or fails completely.
2. In a relational database, what is a ‘tuple’?
A. A column in a table.
B. A row in a table.
C. A relationship between tables.
D. A specific data type.
,Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: In relational algebra and database terminology, a row is referred
to as a tuple.
3. What is the primary purpose of a Foreign Key?
A. To establish and enforce a link between data in two tables.
B. To ensure that a column does not contain NULL values.
C. To speed up data retrieval performance.
D. To uniquely identify each record in a table.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: A foreign key is a column or group of columns used to provide a
link between data in two tables, ensuring referential integrity.
4. Which normal form requires that all non-key attributes are fully functionally dependent on
the entire primary key (no partial dependencies)?
A. First Normal Form (1NF)
B. Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
C. Third Normal Form (3NF)
D. Second Normal Form (2NF)
Answer: D
, Conceptual Explanation: 2NF requires that the table is in 1NF and that there are no
partial functional dependencies on the primary key.
5. Which SQL keyword is used to eliminate duplicate rows from the results of a SELECT
statement?
A. DISTINCT
B. ORDER BY
C. UNIQUE
D. GROUP BY
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The DISTINCT keyword is used to return only different (unique)
values in a result set.
6. In an Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD), what does a dashed line between two entities
typically represent?
A. A non-identifying relationship.
B. A many-to-many relationship.
C. A strong relationship.
D. An identifying relationship.
Answer: A
