Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems 4th Edition - Test Bank
TEST BANK
Human Physiology
From Cells to Systems
Lauralee Sherwood
4th Edition
, Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems 4th Edition - Test Bank
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: The Foundation of Physiology
Chapter 2: Cell Physiology
Chapter 3: The Central Nervous System
Chapter 4: The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory, Autonomic, Somatic
Chapter 5: Principles of Endocrinology: The Central Endocrine Glands
Chapter 6: The Endocrine Glands
Chapter 7: Muscle Physiology
Chapter 8: Cardiac Physiology
Chapter 9: Vascular Physiology
Chapter 10: The Blood
Chapter 11: Body Defences
Chapter12: The Respiratory System
Chapter 13: The Urinary System
Chapter 14: Fluid and Acid–Base Balance
Chapter 15: The Digestive System
Chapter 16: Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation
Chapter 17: The Reproductive System
, Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems 4th Edition (Sherwood, 2019)– Test Bank
Chapter 1: The Foundation of Physiology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is correctly matched?
a. anatomy/body function
b. bacteria/multicellular
c. organs/one primary tissue
d. physiology/body function
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 3 BLM: Remember
2. Which of the following is a mechanistic rather than a teleological explanation of a physiological
phenomenon?
a. A person breathes to obtain oxygen.
b. A person sweats to cool off.
c. A person’s stomach secretes digestive juices because it is stimulated by the
nervous system.
d. A person’s heart beats to pump blood.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 3 BLM: Higher Order
3. When a blood capillary is cut, a clot forms under which feedback control system?
a. negative feedback
b. positive feedback
c. extrinsic control
d. feedforward
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 16 BLM: Higher Order
4. Which of the following type of tissues uses the terminology “smooth”?
a. connective tissue
b. epithelial tissue
c. glandular tissue
d. muscle tissue
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 6 BLM: Remember
5. Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback system?
a. body temperature regulation
b. birth of a baby
c. room temperature regulation
d. blood pH regulation
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 16 BLM: Higher Order
4
, Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems 4th Edition (Sherwood, 2019)– Test Bank
6. Which of the following tissues can be found on the outer layer of the skin?
a. connective tissue
b. endocrine tissue
c. epithelial tissue
d. muscle tissue
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 6 BLM: Remember
7. Which statement is correct for the respiratory system?
a. It eliminates unwanted substances from the body.
b. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and lungs.
c. It plays an important role in maintaining the proper pH of the internal environment
by adjusting the rate of removal of acid-forming carbon dioxide.
d. It is responsible for taking up nutrients for the body.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 12 BLM: Higher Order
8. Which of the following statements is NOT true for connective tissue?
a. Bone is a connective tissue.
b. Blood is a connective tissue.
c. Elastin can be found in the extracellular material of connective tissue.
d. Connective tissue forms coverings and linings of the body cavities.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 6 BLM: Remember
9. Which sequence represents the correct hierarchy of biological organization?
a. cell, organ, tissue, system, organism
b. cell, tissue, organ, system, organism
c. tissue, cell, system, organism, organ
d. organ, tissue, cell, organism, system
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 4 BLM: Remember
10. Which statement is correct for extracellular fluid?
a. It is the external environment of the body.
b. It is inside each cell.
c. It consists of the plasma and interstitial fluid.
d. It consists of plasma only.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 10 BLM: Remember
5
, Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems 4th Edition (Sherwood, 2019)– Test Bank
11. Which of the following systems mainly distributes nutrients and oxygen through the body?
a. circulatory system
b. digestive system
c. endocrine system
d. integumentary system
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 12 BLM: Remember
12. Which statement concerning negative feedback is FALSE?
a. Negative feedback exists when a change in a regulated variable triggers a response
that opposes the change.
b. Negative feedback exists when the input to a system increases the output and the
output limits its own production by inhibiting the input.
c. With negative feedback, a control system’s input and output continue to enhance
each other.
d. Most of the body’s homeostatic control mechanisms operate on the principle of
negative feedback.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 16 BLM: Higher Order
13. Which statement regarding endocrine glands is correct?
a. They consist of ducts.
b. They secrete hormones internally into the blood.
c. They are derived from connective tissue.
d. They include the salivary glands.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 6 BLM: Remember
14. Which of the following is/are a type of connective tissue?
a. exocrine glands
b. bone
c. blood
d. both bone and blood.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 6 BLM: Remember
6
, Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems 4th Edition (Sherwood, 2019)– Test Bank
15. The hormone insulin enhances the transport of glucose (sugar) from the blood into most of the
body’s cells. Its secretion is controlled by a negative-feedback system between the concentration
of glucose in the blood and the insulin-secreting cells. Therefore, which of the following
statements is correct?
a. A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in
turn further lowers the blood glucose concentration.
b. An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in
turn lowers the blood glucose concentration.
c. A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in
turn increases the blood glucose concentration.
d. An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which
further increases the blood glucose concentration.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 16 BLM: Higher Order
16. Sweating is initiated in response to a rise in body temperature that occurs on exposure to a hot
environment. Evaporation of the sweat cools the body. What kind of example is this?
a. negative feedback
b. positive feedback
c. feedforward mechanism
d. intrinsic (local) control mechanism
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 16 BLM: Higher Order
17. What are the two systems concerned with the control of body functioning by extrinsic controls?
a. nervous and respiratory
b. nervous and endocrine
c. endocrine and respiratory
d. endocrine and lymphatic
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 16 BLM: Higher Order
18. In which of the body systems is calcium mainly stored?
a. endocrine system
b. integumentary system
c. muscular system
d. skeletal system
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 12 BLM: Remember
19. Which statements regarding stem cells is correct?
a. They are well differentiated embryonic cells.
b. They may reproduce just one time.
c. Their daughter cells may differentiate into a number of different specialized cell
types.
d. They cannot be readily grown.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 10 BLM: Remember
7
, Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems 4th Edition (Sherwood, 2019)– Test Bank
20. Platelets, which have negatively charged cell membranes, adhere to the positively charged
surface of a torn blood vessel. As they do so, they release substances that attract more platelets to
the damaged area and change the charge on their cell membranes to positive. More platelets
adhere to the damaged area. The cycle repeats until the damaged area is sealed. What sort of
feedback loop is formed?
a. This is a positive feedback loop because the response reinforces the initial change.
b. This is a negative feedback loop because the response opposes the initial stimulus.
c. This is a negative feedback loop because having too many platelets in one area
blocks blood flow.
d. This is a positive feedback loop because the response prevents a person from
hemorrhaging to death.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 16 BLM: Higher Order
21. In a negative feedback loop, which component produces a response that changes a controlled
condition?
a. receptor
b. control centre
c. effector
d. set point
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 16 BLM: Remember
22. Which statement does NOT describe the study of physiology?
a. identifying the location of the stomach and how it is related to the location of
pancreas
b. describing the factors that affect cardiac output
c. describing the process by which nerve impulses are transmitted
d. explaining how the hormone thyroxin is synthesized in the thyroid glands
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 3 BLM: Higher order
TRUE/FALSE
1. Cells eliminate carbon dioxide as a waste product.
ANS: T PTS: 1
2. All cells are capable of reproducing.
ANS: F PTS: 1
8
, Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems 4th Edition (Sherwood, 2019)– Test Bank
3. Highly differentiated tissues such as nervous and cardiac muscle are incapable of new cell
production.
ANS: F PTS: 1
4. Enzymes are carbohydrates.
ANS: F PTS: 1
5. A mechanistic explanation of why a person breathes is to obtain oxygen.
ANS: F PTS: 1
6. A mechanistic explanation of why a person sweats is to cool off.
ANS: F PTS: 1
7. Tissues are composed of two or more types of cells organized to perform a particular function or
functions.
ANS: F PTS: 1
8. Muscle cells produce movement by expanding.
ANS: F PTS: 1
9. Blood is a type of connective tissue.
ANS: T PTS: 1
10. Glands are formed during embryonic development by pockets of epithelial tissue that dip inward
from the surface.
ANS: T PTS: 1
11. Endocrine glands secrete hormones through ducts into the blood.
ANS: F PTS: 1
12. A lumen is a cavity within a hollow organ or tube.
ANS: T PTS: 1
13. Organs are composed of two or more kinds of primary tissues.
ANS: T PTS: 1
9
, Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems 4th Edition (Sherwood, 2019)– Test Bank
14. The external environment is found outside cells but inside the body.
ANS: F PTS: 1
15. Factors that are homeostatically regulated are maintained at a constant, fixed level unless disease
is present.
ANS: F PTS: 1
16. The lungs remove carbon dioxide from the blood plasma.
ANS: T PTS: 1
17. To sustain life, the internal environment must be maintained in an absolutely unchanging state.
ANS: F PTS: 1
18. Not all activities performed by the muscular and nervous systems are directed toward
maintaining homeostasis.
ANS: T PTS: 1
19. The plasma surrounds and bathes all of the body’s cells.
ANS: F PTS: 1
20. The concentration of salt in the extracellular fluid influences how water enters and leaves cells.
ANS: T PTS: 1
21. Exocrine glands are the only structures in the body capable of secretion.
ANS: F PTS: 1
22. Secretion refers to the release from a cell, in response to appropriate stimulation, of specific
products that have in large part been synthesized by the cell.
ANS: T PTS: 1
23. The endocrine system functions with the circulatory system for the transport of hormones.
ANS: T PTS: 1
24. Some organs, such as the heart, skin, and intestine, belong to more than one body system.
ANS: T PTS: 1
25. The skin is part of the integumentary system.
10
, Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems 4th Edition (Sherwood, 2019)– Test Bank
ANS: T PTS: 1
26. Negative feedback operates to maintain a controlled factor in a relatively steady state, whereas
positive feedback moves a controlled variable even further from a steady state.
ANS: T PTS: 1
27. With positive feedback, a control system’s input and output continue to enhance each other.
ANS: T PTS: 1
28. Feedforward mechanisms bring about a response in reaction to a change in a regulated variable.
ANS: F PTS: 1
29. Most homeostatic mechanisms operate on the principle of positive feedback.
ANS: F PTS: 1
30. All proteins are enzymes.
ANS: F PTS: 1
31. All stem cells are found in the umbilical cord.
ANS: F PTS: 1
32. Intestine, heart, and skin do not consist of hormone-secreting cells.
ANS: F PTS: 1
COMPLETION
1. The smallest unit capable of carrying out the processes associated with life is the
____________________.
ANS: cell
PTS: 1
2. ____________________ cells are specialized to send electrical signals.
ANS: Nerve
PTS: 1
3. ____________________ muscle tissue composes the heart.
11
TEST BANK
Human Physiology
From Cells to Systems
Lauralee Sherwood
4th Edition
, Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems 4th Edition - Test Bank
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: The Foundation of Physiology
Chapter 2: Cell Physiology
Chapter 3: The Central Nervous System
Chapter 4: The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory, Autonomic, Somatic
Chapter 5: Principles of Endocrinology: The Central Endocrine Glands
Chapter 6: The Endocrine Glands
Chapter 7: Muscle Physiology
Chapter 8: Cardiac Physiology
Chapter 9: Vascular Physiology
Chapter 10: The Blood
Chapter 11: Body Defences
Chapter12: The Respiratory System
Chapter 13: The Urinary System
Chapter 14: Fluid and Acid–Base Balance
Chapter 15: The Digestive System
Chapter 16: Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation
Chapter 17: The Reproductive System
, Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems 4th Edition (Sherwood, 2019)– Test Bank
Chapter 1: The Foundation of Physiology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is correctly matched?
a. anatomy/body function
b. bacteria/multicellular
c. organs/one primary tissue
d. physiology/body function
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 3 BLM: Remember
2. Which of the following is a mechanistic rather than a teleological explanation of a physiological
phenomenon?
a. A person breathes to obtain oxygen.
b. A person sweats to cool off.
c. A person’s stomach secretes digestive juices because it is stimulated by the
nervous system.
d. A person’s heart beats to pump blood.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 3 BLM: Higher Order
3. When a blood capillary is cut, a clot forms under which feedback control system?
a. negative feedback
b. positive feedback
c. extrinsic control
d. feedforward
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 16 BLM: Higher Order
4. Which of the following type of tissues uses the terminology “smooth”?
a. connective tissue
b. epithelial tissue
c. glandular tissue
d. muscle tissue
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 6 BLM: Remember
5. Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback system?
a. body temperature regulation
b. birth of a baby
c. room temperature regulation
d. blood pH regulation
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 16 BLM: Higher Order
4
, Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems 4th Edition (Sherwood, 2019)– Test Bank
6. Which of the following tissues can be found on the outer layer of the skin?
a. connective tissue
b. endocrine tissue
c. epithelial tissue
d. muscle tissue
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 6 BLM: Remember
7. Which statement is correct for the respiratory system?
a. It eliminates unwanted substances from the body.
b. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and lungs.
c. It plays an important role in maintaining the proper pH of the internal environment
by adjusting the rate of removal of acid-forming carbon dioxide.
d. It is responsible for taking up nutrients for the body.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 12 BLM: Higher Order
8. Which of the following statements is NOT true for connective tissue?
a. Bone is a connective tissue.
b. Blood is a connective tissue.
c. Elastin can be found in the extracellular material of connective tissue.
d. Connective tissue forms coverings and linings of the body cavities.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 6 BLM: Remember
9. Which sequence represents the correct hierarchy of biological organization?
a. cell, organ, tissue, system, organism
b. cell, tissue, organ, system, organism
c. tissue, cell, system, organism, organ
d. organ, tissue, cell, organism, system
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 4 BLM: Remember
10. Which statement is correct for extracellular fluid?
a. It is the external environment of the body.
b. It is inside each cell.
c. It consists of the plasma and interstitial fluid.
d. It consists of plasma only.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 10 BLM: Remember
5
, Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems 4th Edition (Sherwood, 2019)– Test Bank
11. Which of the following systems mainly distributes nutrients and oxygen through the body?
a. circulatory system
b. digestive system
c. endocrine system
d. integumentary system
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 12 BLM: Remember
12. Which statement concerning negative feedback is FALSE?
a. Negative feedback exists when a change in a regulated variable triggers a response
that opposes the change.
b. Negative feedback exists when the input to a system increases the output and the
output limits its own production by inhibiting the input.
c. With negative feedback, a control system’s input and output continue to enhance
each other.
d. Most of the body’s homeostatic control mechanisms operate on the principle of
negative feedback.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 16 BLM: Higher Order
13. Which statement regarding endocrine glands is correct?
a. They consist of ducts.
b. They secrete hormones internally into the blood.
c. They are derived from connective tissue.
d. They include the salivary glands.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 6 BLM: Remember
14. Which of the following is/are a type of connective tissue?
a. exocrine glands
b. bone
c. blood
d. both bone and blood.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 6 BLM: Remember
6
, Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems 4th Edition (Sherwood, 2019)– Test Bank
15. The hormone insulin enhances the transport of glucose (sugar) from the blood into most of the
body’s cells. Its secretion is controlled by a negative-feedback system between the concentration
of glucose in the blood and the insulin-secreting cells. Therefore, which of the following
statements is correct?
a. A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in
turn further lowers the blood glucose concentration.
b. An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in
turn lowers the blood glucose concentration.
c. A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in
turn increases the blood glucose concentration.
d. An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which
further increases the blood glucose concentration.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 16 BLM: Higher Order
16. Sweating is initiated in response to a rise in body temperature that occurs on exposure to a hot
environment. Evaporation of the sweat cools the body. What kind of example is this?
a. negative feedback
b. positive feedback
c. feedforward mechanism
d. intrinsic (local) control mechanism
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 16 BLM: Higher Order
17. What are the two systems concerned with the control of body functioning by extrinsic controls?
a. nervous and respiratory
b. nervous and endocrine
c. endocrine and respiratory
d. endocrine and lymphatic
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 16 BLM: Higher Order
18. In which of the body systems is calcium mainly stored?
a. endocrine system
b. integumentary system
c. muscular system
d. skeletal system
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 12 BLM: Remember
19. Which statements regarding stem cells is correct?
a. They are well differentiated embryonic cells.
b. They may reproduce just one time.
c. Their daughter cells may differentiate into a number of different specialized cell
types.
d. They cannot be readily grown.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 10 BLM: Remember
7
, Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems 4th Edition (Sherwood, 2019)– Test Bank
20. Platelets, which have negatively charged cell membranes, adhere to the positively charged
surface of a torn blood vessel. As they do so, they release substances that attract more platelets to
the damaged area and change the charge on their cell membranes to positive. More platelets
adhere to the damaged area. The cycle repeats until the damaged area is sealed. What sort of
feedback loop is formed?
a. This is a positive feedback loop because the response reinforces the initial change.
b. This is a negative feedback loop because the response opposes the initial stimulus.
c. This is a negative feedback loop because having too many platelets in one area
blocks blood flow.
d. This is a positive feedback loop because the response prevents a person from
hemorrhaging to death.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 16 BLM: Higher Order
21. In a negative feedback loop, which component produces a response that changes a controlled
condition?
a. receptor
b. control centre
c. effector
d. set point
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 16 BLM: Remember
22. Which statement does NOT describe the study of physiology?
a. identifying the location of the stomach and how it is related to the location of
pancreas
b. describing the factors that affect cardiac output
c. describing the process by which nerve impulses are transmitted
d. explaining how the hormone thyroxin is synthesized in the thyroid glands
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 3 BLM: Higher order
TRUE/FALSE
1. Cells eliminate carbon dioxide as a waste product.
ANS: T PTS: 1
2. All cells are capable of reproducing.
ANS: F PTS: 1
8
, Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems 4th Edition (Sherwood, 2019)– Test Bank
3. Highly differentiated tissues such as nervous and cardiac muscle are incapable of new cell
production.
ANS: F PTS: 1
4. Enzymes are carbohydrates.
ANS: F PTS: 1
5. A mechanistic explanation of why a person breathes is to obtain oxygen.
ANS: F PTS: 1
6. A mechanistic explanation of why a person sweats is to cool off.
ANS: F PTS: 1
7. Tissues are composed of two or more types of cells organized to perform a particular function or
functions.
ANS: F PTS: 1
8. Muscle cells produce movement by expanding.
ANS: F PTS: 1
9. Blood is a type of connective tissue.
ANS: T PTS: 1
10. Glands are formed during embryonic development by pockets of epithelial tissue that dip inward
from the surface.
ANS: T PTS: 1
11. Endocrine glands secrete hormones through ducts into the blood.
ANS: F PTS: 1
12. A lumen is a cavity within a hollow organ or tube.
ANS: T PTS: 1
13. Organs are composed of two or more kinds of primary tissues.
ANS: T PTS: 1
9
, Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems 4th Edition (Sherwood, 2019)– Test Bank
14. The external environment is found outside cells but inside the body.
ANS: F PTS: 1
15. Factors that are homeostatically regulated are maintained at a constant, fixed level unless disease
is present.
ANS: F PTS: 1
16. The lungs remove carbon dioxide from the blood plasma.
ANS: T PTS: 1
17. To sustain life, the internal environment must be maintained in an absolutely unchanging state.
ANS: F PTS: 1
18. Not all activities performed by the muscular and nervous systems are directed toward
maintaining homeostasis.
ANS: T PTS: 1
19. The plasma surrounds and bathes all of the body’s cells.
ANS: F PTS: 1
20. The concentration of salt in the extracellular fluid influences how water enters and leaves cells.
ANS: T PTS: 1
21. Exocrine glands are the only structures in the body capable of secretion.
ANS: F PTS: 1
22. Secretion refers to the release from a cell, in response to appropriate stimulation, of specific
products that have in large part been synthesized by the cell.
ANS: T PTS: 1
23. The endocrine system functions with the circulatory system for the transport of hormones.
ANS: T PTS: 1
24. Some organs, such as the heart, skin, and intestine, belong to more than one body system.
ANS: T PTS: 1
25. The skin is part of the integumentary system.
10
, Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems 4th Edition (Sherwood, 2019)– Test Bank
ANS: T PTS: 1
26. Negative feedback operates to maintain a controlled factor in a relatively steady state, whereas
positive feedback moves a controlled variable even further from a steady state.
ANS: T PTS: 1
27. With positive feedback, a control system’s input and output continue to enhance each other.
ANS: T PTS: 1
28. Feedforward mechanisms bring about a response in reaction to a change in a regulated variable.
ANS: F PTS: 1
29. Most homeostatic mechanisms operate on the principle of positive feedback.
ANS: F PTS: 1
30. All proteins are enzymes.
ANS: F PTS: 1
31. All stem cells are found in the umbilical cord.
ANS: F PTS: 1
32. Intestine, heart, and skin do not consist of hormone-secreting cells.
ANS: F PTS: 1
COMPLETION
1. The smallest unit capable of carrying out the processes associated with life is the
____________________.
ANS: cell
PTS: 1
2. ____________________ cells are specialized to send electrical signals.
ANS: Nerve
PTS: 1
3. ____________________ muscle tissue composes the heart.
11
