ENT Pathophysiology
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1. What structures are included in the upper airway? Nasal cavity, nasopharynx,
pharyngotympanic (Eu-
stachian) tube, middle ear,
oropharynx, and larynx
2. What type of epithelium lines the nasal cavity, Respiratory epithelium
paranasal sinuses, middle ear, and trachea? (pseudostratified ciliated
columnar epithelium)
3. What pathogens commonly infect respiratory epithe- Streptococcus pneumoni-
lium? ae, Moraxella catarrhalis,
and Haemophilus influen-
zae
4. Where is stratified squamous epithelium found in the Nasopharynx, orophar-
upper airway? ynx, and parts of the larynx
5. What pathogens commonly infect stratified squa- Group A Streptococcus
mous epithelium? pyogenes and Staphylo-
coccus aureus
6. What is otitis media (OM)? Inflammation of the mid-
dle ear and mastoid air
cells
7. What are the two major classifications of otitis media? Non-infective (effusion)
and infective (acute sup-
purative OM or chronic
suppurative OM)
8. What type of chronic suppurative otitis media is con- CSOM with cholesteatoma
sidered unsafe?
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