Exam 2 Study Guide ACTUAL UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Postural control in reaching - good posture allows for stability while reaching/grasping, and accuracy/safety
when moving
- core/proximal muscle activation is important for precise hand movements by
maintaining trunk stability
- postural control deficits impact independence
Core and shoulder control - proximal stability involves strong and controlled core and shoulder muscles
- creates solid foundation for arm movement
Precise hand function - stable proximal joints are important for hands and fingers to move accurately
when reaching and grabbing
postural control - ability to control the body in space for stability, orientation, and UE function
- involves the trunk, pelvis, head, reactions and balance
- cerebellum is involved in anticipatory reactions
- damage to cerebellum reduces timely adjustments to posture
sitting postural demands - less postural demands
- trunk musculature
, standing postural demands - more postural demands
- requires trunk and BLE
external support reduces postural demands - UE movement speed increases
- healthy individuals extra posture support does not change UE kinematics
- extra postural support improves reaching in those with conditions
sensorimotor integration in reach - merges sensory input and motor responses to enable accurate reaching and
grasping
- feedback from movement/sensory systems helps individuals adjust movements,
increase coordination, and accuracy during tasks
somatosensory system - feedback from visual, somatosensory, and proprioception used to adjust
position
- feedforward is anticipatory control of the body
- influenced by cognition and apraxia's
visual system - used to locate objects for grasp, move head, eye movement, saccades, and
smooth pursuits influence reaching
- important for locating objects and adjusting movements
reach and grasp - increases task complexity
- uses pinch, grip, point, and can be stationary or moving
- movement planning, complex problem solving, and practice are needed
musculoskeletal system and grasp - need joint mobility such as scapular mobility (rotation), humeral movement,
elbow flexion, supination, and wrist extension
- requires appropriate strength and muscle tone
reaching and grasping motor skill influencers - client factors such as value, beliefs, spirituality, body functions,
neuromuscular/movement functions, cardiovascular, hematological, immune, and
respiratory system functions, voice, speech and digestive functions, skin functions,
and body structures
- evnvironment factors include physical, social, and attitudinal
age related reaching and grasping changes - children begin to break out of synergy movement pattersn around 4 mos and
begin function reach and grasp
- reaction time, reaching, strength, ROM, coordination, dexerity, and sensory
feedback all impact reaching and grasping in older adults
- dual task performance decreases with age
- increased time for learning new movements as we age
- mental practice is good for older adults
Postural control in reaching - good posture allows for stability while reaching/grasping, and accuracy/safety
when moving
- core/proximal muscle activation is important for precise hand movements by
maintaining trunk stability
- postural control deficits impact independence
Core and shoulder control - proximal stability involves strong and controlled core and shoulder muscles
- creates solid foundation for arm movement
Precise hand function - stable proximal joints are important for hands and fingers to move accurately
when reaching and grabbing
postural control - ability to control the body in space for stability, orientation, and UE function
- involves the trunk, pelvis, head, reactions and balance
- cerebellum is involved in anticipatory reactions
- damage to cerebellum reduces timely adjustments to posture
sitting postural demands - less postural demands
- trunk musculature
, standing postural demands - more postural demands
- requires trunk and BLE
external support reduces postural demands - UE movement speed increases
- healthy individuals extra posture support does not change UE kinematics
- extra postural support improves reaching in those with conditions
sensorimotor integration in reach - merges sensory input and motor responses to enable accurate reaching and
grasping
- feedback from movement/sensory systems helps individuals adjust movements,
increase coordination, and accuracy during tasks
somatosensory system - feedback from visual, somatosensory, and proprioception used to adjust
position
- feedforward is anticipatory control of the body
- influenced by cognition and apraxia's
visual system - used to locate objects for grasp, move head, eye movement, saccades, and
smooth pursuits influence reaching
- important for locating objects and adjusting movements
reach and grasp - increases task complexity
- uses pinch, grip, point, and can be stationary or moving
- movement planning, complex problem solving, and practice are needed
musculoskeletal system and grasp - need joint mobility such as scapular mobility (rotation), humeral movement,
elbow flexion, supination, and wrist extension
- requires appropriate strength and muscle tone
reaching and grasping motor skill influencers - client factors such as value, beliefs, spirituality, body functions,
neuromuscular/movement functions, cardiovascular, hematological, immune, and
respiratory system functions, voice, speech and digestive functions, skin functions,
and body structures
- evnvironment factors include physical, social, and attitudinal
age related reaching and grasping changes - children begin to break out of synergy movement pattersn around 4 mos and
begin function reach and grasp
- reaction time, reaching, strength, ROM, coordination, dexerity, and sensory
feedback all impact reaching and grasping in older adults
- dual task performance decreases with age
- increased time for learning new movements as we age
- mental practice is good for older adults
