Battle of Bull Run (Manassas): Virginia, 1861
● First major battle
● Untrained troops, chaos, picnickers
● South won (rose greenhow helped them)
● General Stonewall Jackson (south) got his nickname
● North realized war wouldn’t end in 90 days
Lincoln’s Beliefs On Slavery:
● 1854: All men are created equal, slavery immoral (against slavery)
● 1858: A house divided cannot stand (< metaphor)– A divided country cannot be stable, and there
has to be no slaves at all or all states have slaves (neutral to slavery)
● 1862: priority: keep the country together (even if have to keep slavery)
● 1863: Use Emancipation Proclamation* (against slavery ig?)
Emancipation Proclamation, 1863:
● Document where Lincoln freed all slaves in the states that seceded
● Let African-American people join the Union Army
● Changed the war from being about keeping the Union together to being about ending slavery
● Kept British and French (who were anti-slavery) from helping the South
● Led to thousands of enslaved people heading north for freedom
Women and how they…
Advanced women's rights
● First co-ed (men + women) college
● First A-A woman (Mary Jane Patterson) to graduate from college
● Women did men and women jobs
● Showed women can fight
● Women did men’s + women’s jobslll
● Bread riot (bread prices too high, Southern women broke into bakeries and rioted)
Influenced Outcome of War
● Destroyed enemy property
● Cut telegraph lines
● Dressing as men and fighting (400+ women did this)
Kept Traditional Roles
● Petitioned to end slavery
● Built war memorials
● Jennie Wade: killed at home while baking bread
● Made food for troops
● Shamed men who refused to fight, labelling them as undeserving of the citizenship rights they
had that women didn’t
● Sewed uniforms and flags
● Wrote “Battle Hymn of the Republic” (war song)
Clara Barton: founded Red Cross and nursing profession
Dorothea Dix: Recruited matronly in appearance (ugly and old?) women for nursing
Harriet Tubman: spied and led troops
, Harriet Beecher Stowe: Wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin
Rose Greenhow(only one for slavery): Spied, helped south win Battle of Bull Run
Antietam, Maryland, 1862:
● Bloodiest one-day battle in U.S. history (Gettysburg was the bloodiest battle in U.S. history
overall)
○ 22,000 died
● Union soldiers found Robert E. Lee’s (southern general) plans wrapped around a cigar in a field
● Union General McClellan too slow to use the info
● It was a draw, but McClellan would have won if he followed Lee’s army when it retreated
● Lincoln fired McClellan
Siege of Vicksburg, 1863:
● General Ulysses S. Grant was the union general, believed in
● Total war: war that also attacks civilians and nonmilitary targets
● Siege: surround, cut off supplies from an area to force a surrender
● Wanted to get Vicksburg since the Union needed control of the Mississippi river so the south
couldn’t trade or get supplies. Control of the river would also separate Texas, Arkansas, and part
of Louisiana from the rest of the South
● Grant attacked the city of Vicksburg, Mississippi, lost, laid siege to the city which lasted 47 days
● People ran out of food, eating horses, dogs, cats, frogs, mules, squirrels, tree bark, shoes, and
belts
● Malnutrition caused soldiers to get diseases like scurvy, dysentery, and malaria
● City was constantly being bombed, had to hide day and night in basements or dug out caves in
hills
● Confederate commander got letter saying “If you can’t feed us, then surrender us,” so they
surrendered Vicksburg, making it a major victory for the Union
Causes of Draft Riots:
● People thought it wasn’t worth fighting to keep the union together
● However, those who signed up to fight to keep the union together were angry when the
Emancipation Proclamation turned it into a war against slavery
● Cotton was 40% of the goods shipped out of New York ports
● Irish and German immigrants worried that free African-Americans would come north after the war
and take their jobs
Battle of Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863:
● Lee invaded the North again (in Pennsylvania)
● Biggest battle, more than 51,000 casualties (dead or wounded)
● Pickett's Charge: Lee ordered General George Pickett to attack the center of the union line,
many died
● Union won, emotional turning point of the war
● Gettysburg Address: Lincoln gave a famous, two minute speech at a cemetery at the battlefield
Key points of Gettysburg Address:
● 87 years ago in 1776 when our Founding Fathers made the country, they had the idea that “all
men are created equal”
● Civil War is testing how dedicated we are to the nation, many died for it
● First major battle
● Untrained troops, chaos, picnickers
● South won (rose greenhow helped them)
● General Stonewall Jackson (south) got his nickname
● North realized war wouldn’t end in 90 days
Lincoln’s Beliefs On Slavery:
● 1854: All men are created equal, slavery immoral (against slavery)
● 1858: A house divided cannot stand (< metaphor)– A divided country cannot be stable, and there
has to be no slaves at all or all states have slaves (neutral to slavery)
● 1862: priority: keep the country together (even if have to keep slavery)
● 1863: Use Emancipation Proclamation* (against slavery ig?)
Emancipation Proclamation, 1863:
● Document where Lincoln freed all slaves in the states that seceded
● Let African-American people join the Union Army
● Changed the war from being about keeping the Union together to being about ending slavery
● Kept British and French (who were anti-slavery) from helping the South
● Led to thousands of enslaved people heading north for freedom
Women and how they…
Advanced women's rights
● First co-ed (men + women) college
● First A-A woman (Mary Jane Patterson) to graduate from college
● Women did men and women jobs
● Showed women can fight
● Women did men’s + women’s jobslll
● Bread riot (bread prices too high, Southern women broke into bakeries and rioted)
Influenced Outcome of War
● Destroyed enemy property
● Cut telegraph lines
● Dressing as men and fighting (400+ women did this)
Kept Traditional Roles
● Petitioned to end slavery
● Built war memorials
● Jennie Wade: killed at home while baking bread
● Made food for troops
● Shamed men who refused to fight, labelling them as undeserving of the citizenship rights they
had that women didn’t
● Sewed uniforms and flags
● Wrote “Battle Hymn of the Republic” (war song)
Clara Barton: founded Red Cross and nursing profession
Dorothea Dix: Recruited matronly in appearance (ugly and old?) women for nursing
Harriet Tubman: spied and led troops
, Harriet Beecher Stowe: Wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin
Rose Greenhow(only one for slavery): Spied, helped south win Battle of Bull Run
Antietam, Maryland, 1862:
● Bloodiest one-day battle in U.S. history (Gettysburg was the bloodiest battle in U.S. history
overall)
○ 22,000 died
● Union soldiers found Robert E. Lee’s (southern general) plans wrapped around a cigar in a field
● Union General McClellan too slow to use the info
● It was a draw, but McClellan would have won if he followed Lee’s army when it retreated
● Lincoln fired McClellan
Siege of Vicksburg, 1863:
● General Ulysses S. Grant was the union general, believed in
● Total war: war that also attacks civilians and nonmilitary targets
● Siege: surround, cut off supplies from an area to force a surrender
● Wanted to get Vicksburg since the Union needed control of the Mississippi river so the south
couldn’t trade or get supplies. Control of the river would also separate Texas, Arkansas, and part
of Louisiana from the rest of the South
● Grant attacked the city of Vicksburg, Mississippi, lost, laid siege to the city which lasted 47 days
● People ran out of food, eating horses, dogs, cats, frogs, mules, squirrels, tree bark, shoes, and
belts
● Malnutrition caused soldiers to get diseases like scurvy, dysentery, and malaria
● City was constantly being bombed, had to hide day and night in basements or dug out caves in
hills
● Confederate commander got letter saying “If you can’t feed us, then surrender us,” so they
surrendered Vicksburg, making it a major victory for the Union
Causes of Draft Riots:
● People thought it wasn’t worth fighting to keep the union together
● However, those who signed up to fight to keep the union together were angry when the
Emancipation Proclamation turned it into a war against slavery
● Cotton was 40% of the goods shipped out of New York ports
● Irish and German immigrants worried that free African-Americans would come north after the war
and take their jobs
Battle of Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863:
● Lee invaded the North again (in Pennsylvania)
● Biggest battle, more than 51,000 casualties (dead or wounded)
● Pickett's Charge: Lee ordered General George Pickett to attack the center of the union line,
many died
● Union won, emotional turning point of the war
● Gettysburg Address: Lincoln gave a famous, two minute speech at a cemetery at the battlefield
Key points of Gettysburg Address:
● 87 years ago in 1776 when our Founding Fathers made the country, they had the idea that “all
men are created equal”
● Civil War is testing how dedicated we are to the nation, many died for it
