NUR 670 Exam 1 Complete
Review with Questions, Plus
Verified Answers, and Clinical
Rationales [Most Recent]
1. What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
Answer: Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System
(PNS)
Rationale: The nervous system is divided into the CNS, which consists of
the brain and spinal cord, and the PNS, which includes all nerves outside
the CNS. The CNS serves as the body's control system, while the PNS
connects the CNS to organs, limbs, and skin .
2. What does the Central Nervous System consist of?
Answer: The spinal cord and brain
Rationale: The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord, which
work together to control breathing, heart rate, hormones, body
temperature, thoughts, movements, and emotions .
3. What is the function of the Somatic Nervous System?
,Answer: Conveys information from CNS to skeletal muscle and enables
voluntary actions
Rationale: The somatic nervous system is a subdivision of the PNS that
carries sensory and motor information to and from the CNS. It transmits
sensory information and assists with voluntary movement .
4. What are amino acids?
Answer: Building blocks of proteins
Rationale: Amino acids are the fundamental units that combine to form
proteins, which are essential for numerous bodily functions including
neurotransmitter synthesis .
5. What is glucose?
Answer: The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the
major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel
hunger.
Rationale: Glucose is the primary energy source for the body's tissues
and is critical for brain function. Low glucose levels trigger hunger
signals .
6. What is glycogen?
Answer: An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found
in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch
Rationale: Glycogen serves as the storage form of glucose in animals,
allowing the body to maintain blood glucose levels between meals .
,7. What is aphasia?
Answer: Impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere
damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area
(impairing understanding)
Rationale: Aphasia results from damage to language centers in the left
hemisphere. Broca's area damage affects speech production, while
Wernicke's area damage affects language comprehension .
8. What is an EEG?
Answer: An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that
sweep across the brain's surface. These waves are measured by
electrodes placed on the scalp.
Rationale: EEG (electroencephalogram) is a noninvasive method for
recording brain electrical activity and is used to diagnose epilepsy,
seizures, and sleep disorders .
9. Which neurotransmitter enables learning and memory and also
triggers muscle contraction?
Answer: Acetylcholine
Rationale: Acetylcholine is essential for cognitive functions including
learning and memory, and it also serves as the primary neurotransmitter
at the neuromuscular junction, triggering muscle contraction .
, 10. Which neurotransmitter is involved in arousal, learning, and
mood regulation, and helps control alertness and arousal?
Answer: Norepinephrine
Rationale: Norepinephrine is a key neurotransmitter in the sympathetic
nervous system that regulates alertness, arousal, learning, and mood. It is
also involved in the body's fight-or-flight response .
11. Which neurotransmitter affects hunger, sleep, arousal, and
mood?
Answer: Serotonin
Rationale: Serotonin regulates multiple physiological functions including
sleep, appetite, mood, and arousal. It is a primary target for many
antidepressant medications .
12. What is GABA?
Answer: An inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
Rationale: GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the primary inhibitory
neurotransmitter in the CNS. It promotes calm and relaxation, prevents
sleeplessness, and helps regulate anxiety. Deficits in GABA are associated
with addiction, OCD, and ADHD .
13. Which neurotransmitter is associated with movement, attention,
learning, and the brain's pleasure and reward system?
Answer: Dopamine
Review with Questions, Plus
Verified Answers, and Clinical
Rationales [Most Recent]
1. What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
Answer: Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System
(PNS)
Rationale: The nervous system is divided into the CNS, which consists of
the brain and spinal cord, and the PNS, which includes all nerves outside
the CNS. The CNS serves as the body's control system, while the PNS
connects the CNS to organs, limbs, and skin .
2. What does the Central Nervous System consist of?
Answer: The spinal cord and brain
Rationale: The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord, which
work together to control breathing, heart rate, hormones, body
temperature, thoughts, movements, and emotions .
3. What is the function of the Somatic Nervous System?
,Answer: Conveys information from CNS to skeletal muscle and enables
voluntary actions
Rationale: The somatic nervous system is a subdivision of the PNS that
carries sensory and motor information to and from the CNS. It transmits
sensory information and assists with voluntary movement .
4. What are amino acids?
Answer: Building blocks of proteins
Rationale: Amino acids are the fundamental units that combine to form
proteins, which are essential for numerous bodily functions including
neurotransmitter synthesis .
5. What is glucose?
Answer: The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the
major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel
hunger.
Rationale: Glucose is the primary energy source for the body's tissues
and is critical for brain function. Low glucose levels trigger hunger
signals .
6. What is glycogen?
Answer: An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found
in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch
Rationale: Glycogen serves as the storage form of glucose in animals,
allowing the body to maintain blood glucose levels between meals .
,7. What is aphasia?
Answer: Impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere
damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area
(impairing understanding)
Rationale: Aphasia results from damage to language centers in the left
hemisphere. Broca's area damage affects speech production, while
Wernicke's area damage affects language comprehension .
8. What is an EEG?
Answer: An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that
sweep across the brain's surface. These waves are measured by
electrodes placed on the scalp.
Rationale: EEG (electroencephalogram) is a noninvasive method for
recording brain electrical activity and is used to diagnose epilepsy,
seizures, and sleep disorders .
9. Which neurotransmitter enables learning and memory and also
triggers muscle contraction?
Answer: Acetylcholine
Rationale: Acetylcholine is essential for cognitive functions including
learning and memory, and it also serves as the primary neurotransmitter
at the neuromuscular junction, triggering muscle contraction .
, 10. Which neurotransmitter is involved in arousal, learning, and
mood regulation, and helps control alertness and arousal?
Answer: Norepinephrine
Rationale: Norepinephrine is a key neurotransmitter in the sympathetic
nervous system that regulates alertness, arousal, learning, and mood. It is
also involved in the body's fight-or-flight response .
11. Which neurotransmitter affects hunger, sleep, arousal, and
mood?
Answer: Serotonin
Rationale: Serotonin regulates multiple physiological functions including
sleep, appetite, mood, and arousal. It is a primary target for many
antidepressant medications .
12. What is GABA?
Answer: An inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
Rationale: GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the primary inhibitory
neurotransmitter in the CNS. It promotes calm and relaxation, prevents
sleeplessness, and helps regulate anxiety. Deficits in GABA are associated
with addiction, OCD, and ADHD .
13. Which neurotransmitter is associated with movement, attention,
learning, and the brain's pleasure and reward system?
Answer: Dopamine
