NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM REVIEW DR. SUSAN SANNER
PPP PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES
2026 EDITION GRADE A+
Thymic Abnormalities - CORRECT ANSWER-Thymoma or hyperplasia
associated with Myasthenia Gravis.
Seizure Disorder - CORRECT ANSWER-Neurological condition characterized
by seizures.
Cluster Headache - CORRECT ANSWER-Severe unilateral headache with
autonomic symptoms.
Migraine Headache - CORRECT ANSWER-Episodic headache lasting 4 to 72
hours.
Tension-Type Headache - CORRECT ANSWER-Most common recurrent
headache, not vascular.
Bilateral headache - CORRECT ANSWER-Mild to moderate pain around the
head.
,Bacterial meningitis - CORRECT ANSWER-Severe infection causing
headache, fever, and photophobia.
Kernig sign - CORRECT ANSWER-Inability to straighten leg when hip is
flexed.
Brudzinski sign - CORRECT ANSWER-Involuntary lifting of legs when neck
is flexed.
Transient Ischemic Attack - CORRECT ANSWER-Temporary blockage of
blood flow to the brain.
Risk factors for TIA - CORRECT ANSWER-Includes age, gender, family
history, lifestyle.
Ischemic neuropathy - CORRECT ANSWER-Nerve damage from reduced
blood supply.
Symptoms of ischemic neuropathy - CORRECT ANSWER-Pain, numbness,
weakness, coldness, loss of reflexes.
Rosacea - CORRECT ANSWER-Familial skin condition with neurovascular
dysregulation.
Melanoma - CORRECT ANSWER-Most aggressive skin cancer, thickness
affects prognosis.
, Plaque psoriasis - CORRECT ANSWER-Thick, scaly plaques on skin, well-
demarcated.
COPD - CORRECT ANSWER-Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,
includes emphysema.
Asthma - CORRECT ANSWER-Chronic inflammatory disease of the airways.
Hypersensitivity reactions - CORRECT ANSWER-Exaggerated immune
responses to antigens.
Primary immunodeficiency - CORRECT ANSWER-Inherited disorders
affecting immune system function.
GERD - CORRECT ANSWER-Gastroesophageal reflux disease causing acid
backflow.
LES Dysfunction - CORRECT ANSWER-Lower esophageal sphincter fails to
prevent reflux.
Hiatal Hernia - CORRECT ANSWER-Stomach bulges through diaphragm
into chest cavity.
Esophageal Motility Disorders - CORRECT ANSWER-Impaired peristalsis
affecting esophageal clearance.
FINAL EXAM REVIEW DR. SUSAN SANNER
PPP PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES
2026 EDITION GRADE A+
Thymic Abnormalities - CORRECT ANSWER-Thymoma or hyperplasia
associated with Myasthenia Gravis.
Seizure Disorder - CORRECT ANSWER-Neurological condition characterized
by seizures.
Cluster Headache - CORRECT ANSWER-Severe unilateral headache with
autonomic symptoms.
Migraine Headache - CORRECT ANSWER-Episodic headache lasting 4 to 72
hours.
Tension-Type Headache - CORRECT ANSWER-Most common recurrent
headache, not vascular.
Bilateral headache - CORRECT ANSWER-Mild to moderate pain around the
head.
,Bacterial meningitis - CORRECT ANSWER-Severe infection causing
headache, fever, and photophobia.
Kernig sign - CORRECT ANSWER-Inability to straighten leg when hip is
flexed.
Brudzinski sign - CORRECT ANSWER-Involuntary lifting of legs when neck
is flexed.
Transient Ischemic Attack - CORRECT ANSWER-Temporary blockage of
blood flow to the brain.
Risk factors for TIA - CORRECT ANSWER-Includes age, gender, family
history, lifestyle.
Ischemic neuropathy - CORRECT ANSWER-Nerve damage from reduced
blood supply.
Symptoms of ischemic neuropathy - CORRECT ANSWER-Pain, numbness,
weakness, coldness, loss of reflexes.
Rosacea - CORRECT ANSWER-Familial skin condition with neurovascular
dysregulation.
Melanoma - CORRECT ANSWER-Most aggressive skin cancer, thickness
affects prognosis.
, Plaque psoriasis - CORRECT ANSWER-Thick, scaly plaques on skin, well-
demarcated.
COPD - CORRECT ANSWER-Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,
includes emphysema.
Asthma - CORRECT ANSWER-Chronic inflammatory disease of the airways.
Hypersensitivity reactions - CORRECT ANSWER-Exaggerated immune
responses to antigens.
Primary immunodeficiency - CORRECT ANSWER-Inherited disorders
affecting immune system function.
GERD - CORRECT ANSWER-Gastroesophageal reflux disease causing acid
backflow.
LES Dysfunction - CORRECT ANSWER-Lower esophageal sphincter fails to
prevent reflux.
Hiatal Hernia - CORRECT ANSWER-Stomach bulges through diaphragm
into chest cavity.
Esophageal Motility Disorders - CORRECT ANSWER-Impaired peristalsis
affecting esophageal clearance.
