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IVY TECH APHY 101 FINAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS.
what are the parts of a long bone? - ANSWER-epiphysis and
diaphysis
What is the epiphysis? - ANSWER-end of a long bone that
articulates (forms a joint) with another bone.
What is the diaphysis? - ANSWER-shaft of a long bone
What is the medullary cavity? - ANSWER-hollow chamber in
diaphysis. marrow fills this cavity
What is the periosteum? - ANSWER-a dense layer of vascular
connective tissue enclosing a bone
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what is compact bone? - ANSWER-wall of the diaphysis mainly
composed of tightly packed tissue
what is spongy bone? - ANSWER-cancellous bone that largely
composes the epiphysis
Describe the process of ossification - ANSWER-step one 1:
cordlike and connects muscles to bones; a broad sheet of
dense connective tissue that connects muscles to muscles
step 2: Long bones develop from rods of cartilage, some from
membranes and some from tendons.
step 3: Ossification occurs first in the cartilage rods, then in the
epiphyses of long bones.
step 4: When the epiphysial cartilage has ossified (hardened),
bone growth stops.
What is the epiphyseal plate? - ANSWER-as spongy bone is
deposited in the diaphysis and in the epiphysis, a band of
cartilage will form
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what are osteoclasts? - ANSWER-cells that break down bone
what are osteoblasts? - ANSWER-bone forming cells
what are the functions of the skeletal system? - ANSWER-
support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell formation
What is the axial skeleton? - ANSWER-skull, vertebral column,
rib cage
What is the appendicular skeleton? - ANSWER-pectoral girdle,
upper limbs, pelvic girdle, lower limbs
what are the steps of fracture repair? - ANSWER-1. Hematoma
formation- blood vessels, tissues in broken bone are torn
resulting in a
Hematoma mass of clotted cells. Bone cells with no nutrition
will die and area will become irritated.
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2. Fibrocartilaginous callus formation- phagocytic cells invade
the area and begin cleaning up the debris.
3. Bone callus formation- about 1 week into repair, new bone
begins to repair. This is called a bony callus. This continues for
about 3 months.
4. Bone remodeling- excess material removed, shaft was
reconstructed.
how are bones classified? - ANSWER-by shape
what are the shapes of bones? - ANSWER-long, short, flat,
irregular
example of long bone - ANSWER-femur
example of short bones are - ANSWER-carpals and tarsals in
the ankle and wrist
IVY TECH APHY 101 FINAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS.
what are the parts of a long bone? - ANSWER-epiphysis and
diaphysis
What is the epiphysis? - ANSWER-end of a long bone that
articulates (forms a joint) with another bone.
What is the diaphysis? - ANSWER-shaft of a long bone
What is the medullary cavity? - ANSWER-hollow chamber in
diaphysis. marrow fills this cavity
What is the periosteum? - ANSWER-a dense layer of vascular
connective tissue enclosing a bone
,2 | Page
what is compact bone? - ANSWER-wall of the diaphysis mainly
composed of tightly packed tissue
what is spongy bone? - ANSWER-cancellous bone that largely
composes the epiphysis
Describe the process of ossification - ANSWER-step one 1:
cordlike and connects muscles to bones; a broad sheet of
dense connective tissue that connects muscles to muscles
step 2: Long bones develop from rods of cartilage, some from
membranes and some from tendons.
step 3: Ossification occurs first in the cartilage rods, then in the
epiphyses of long bones.
step 4: When the epiphysial cartilage has ossified (hardened),
bone growth stops.
What is the epiphyseal plate? - ANSWER-as spongy bone is
deposited in the diaphysis and in the epiphysis, a band of
cartilage will form
,3 | Page
what are osteoclasts? - ANSWER-cells that break down bone
what are osteoblasts? - ANSWER-bone forming cells
what are the functions of the skeletal system? - ANSWER-
support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell formation
What is the axial skeleton? - ANSWER-skull, vertebral column,
rib cage
What is the appendicular skeleton? - ANSWER-pectoral girdle,
upper limbs, pelvic girdle, lower limbs
what are the steps of fracture repair? - ANSWER-1. Hematoma
formation- blood vessels, tissues in broken bone are torn
resulting in a
Hematoma mass of clotted cells. Bone cells with no nutrition
will die and area will become irritated.
, 4 | Page
2. Fibrocartilaginous callus formation- phagocytic cells invade
the area and begin cleaning up the debris.
3. Bone callus formation- about 1 week into repair, new bone
begins to repair. This is called a bony callus. This continues for
about 3 months.
4. Bone remodeling- excess material removed, shaft was
reconstructed.
how are bones classified? - ANSWER-by shape
what are the shapes of bones? - ANSWER-long, short, flat,
irregular
example of long bone - ANSWER-femur
example of short bones are - ANSWER-carpals and tarsals in
the ankle and wrist
