MB ASCP CONNECT EXAM 2026 UPDATE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A+(BRAND NEW VISION)
What works more slowly RNA polymerase or DNA polymerase? - ANS-RNA
polymerase and w/ less fidelity. Unlike DNA synthesis, RNA synthesis does not
require priming.
Alpha Phosphate - ANS-During RNA synthesis, the first ribonucleoside
triphosphate retains all of its phosphate groups as the RNA is polymerized in the
5' to 3' direciton. Subsequent ribonucleoside triphosphates retain only the alpha
phosphate, the one closest to the ribose sugar.
Transcription Termination-Prokaryotes - ANS-1. some RNA synthesis is responsive
to protein products, such that high levels of a gene product induce termination of
tis own synthesis.
2. Rho (a helicase enzyme) associates with RNA polymerase and inactivates the
elongation complex at a cytosine-rich termination site in the DNA. Rho-independent
termination occurs at G:C- rich regions , followed by A:T rich regions. The G:C bases
are transcribed into RNA and fold into a short doubles-stranded. hairpin, which slows
the elongation complex.
Transcription Termination- Eukaryotes - ANS-1. mRNA synthesis proceeds along the
DNA template until polyadenylation signal (poly Asite) is encountered.
2. At this point, the process of termination is activated. As the polymerase proceeds
past the polyA site, the nascent mRNA is released by an endonuclease assoc with the
carboxy terminal end of polII.
3. RNA synthesized beyond the site trails out of the polymerase and is bound by
another exonuclease that begins to degrade the RNA 5' to 3' toward the RNA pol.
Which polymerase has a termination signal that is a run of adenine residues? - ANS-
POL III in eukaryotes
Which RNA makes up 80 to 90% of the total cellular RNA - ANS-rRNA
rRNA - ANS-an importnat structural and funcitonal part of the ribosomes, cellular
organelles where proteins are synthesized
,Eukaryotic r RNA is comprised of: - ANS-Small Subunit: 18S and 5.8S
Large Subunit: 28S
Monocistronic
Prokaryotic rRNA is composed of - ANS-Small Subunit: 16S
Large Subunit: 23S and 5S
sometimes polycistronic
Constitutive Transcription - ANS-Some messages are transcribed constantly and
are relatively abundant in the cell
Inducible transcription - ANS-transcribed only at certain times during the cell cycle
or under particular conditions
Polyuridine or Polythymine residues - ANS-covalently attached to cellulose or
sepharose substrates are often used to specifically isolate mRNA in the lab.
mRNA processing - ANS-- 5' guanine cap. mRNA is blocked at the 5' terminus by a
5'5 pyrophosphate bridge to a methylated guanosine. Cap has a protective
funciton and serves as a recognition signal for the translational apparatus.
- 3' poly-A tail. Polyadenylate polymerase adds adenines ot the end of the
transcript
- RNA splicing of exons = remove introns + "splice" together exons
Introns - ANS-long stretches of noncoding DNA sequences
heteronuclear RNA - ANS-Newly transcribed mRNA before splicing. not mature
RNA
Introns are removed from hnRNA by - ANS-splicing
Exons - ANS-the remaining sequences that code for the protein product
Alternative splicing - ANS-modifies products of genes by alternate insertion of
different exons
snRNA - ANS-functions in splicing in Eukaryotes, small nuclear RNA stays in the
nucleus after its transcription by RNA Pol I or III.
tRNA - ANS-Translation of information from nucleic acid to protein requires
reading of the mRNA by ribosomes, using adaptor molecules or tRNA
Poly A Polymerase is a template-independent RNA Polymerase and what does it do? -
ANS-The resulting poly-A tail is important for mRNA stability and translation into
protein.
, RNases are - ANS-ubiquitious, stable enzymes that degrade all types of RNA.
They are of particular concern in laboratories where RNA work is performed
because they are very resistant to inactivation.
RNA Helicases - ANS-are required to catalyze the unwinding of double-stranded
RNA.
Proteins - ANS-products on transcription and translation of the Nucleic Acids
Immunohistochemistry, on live cells using flow cytometry, on isolated poteins by
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, capillary electrophoresis, and western blots -
ANS-Used in the medical laboratory to analyze the amount and mutational status
of specific proteins
Genetic Code - ANS-important to understand the movement of genetic info from
DNA to protein
What are polymers of amino acids? - ANS-Proteins
Each amino acid has characteristic biochemical properties determined by the nature of
its amino acid ____________ - ANS-side chain
A single protein can have separate _______ with _________ ___________ - ANS-
domains, different properties
Peptide Bond - ANS-The amino and carboxyl terminal groups of the amino acids
are joined ina carbon-carbon-nitrogen substituted amide linkage to form protein
backbone
On one end of the peptide will be an ______ and at the opposite terminus of the peptide
- ANS-amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal
Proteins are what? - ANS-polypeptides that can reach sizes more than a thousand
amino acids in length
Proteome - ANS-the collection of proteins encoded in an organism's DNA
Primary Structure - ANS-The sequence of amino acids in a protein determins the
nature and activity of that protein. The sequence of the protein and is read by
convention from the amino terminal end to the carboxyl. terminal end.
Secondary Structure - ANS-These include ordered beta or beta-pleated sheets and
less-ordered alpha helices, or random coils.
Tertiary Structure - ANS-It is denatured. Mutations in DNA that substitute different
amino acids in the primary structure can also alter tertiary structure.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A+(BRAND NEW VISION)
What works more slowly RNA polymerase or DNA polymerase? - ANS-RNA
polymerase and w/ less fidelity. Unlike DNA synthesis, RNA synthesis does not
require priming.
Alpha Phosphate - ANS-During RNA synthesis, the first ribonucleoside
triphosphate retains all of its phosphate groups as the RNA is polymerized in the
5' to 3' direciton. Subsequent ribonucleoside triphosphates retain only the alpha
phosphate, the one closest to the ribose sugar.
Transcription Termination-Prokaryotes - ANS-1. some RNA synthesis is responsive
to protein products, such that high levels of a gene product induce termination of
tis own synthesis.
2. Rho (a helicase enzyme) associates with RNA polymerase and inactivates the
elongation complex at a cytosine-rich termination site in the DNA. Rho-independent
termination occurs at G:C- rich regions , followed by A:T rich regions. The G:C bases
are transcribed into RNA and fold into a short doubles-stranded. hairpin, which slows
the elongation complex.
Transcription Termination- Eukaryotes - ANS-1. mRNA synthesis proceeds along the
DNA template until polyadenylation signal (poly Asite) is encountered.
2. At this point, the process of termination is activated. As the polymerase proceeds
past the polyA site, the nascent mRNA is released by an endonuclease assoc with the
carboxy terminal end of polII.
3. RNA synthesized beyond the site trails out of the polymerase and is bound by
another exonuclease that begins to degrade the RNA 5' to 3' toward the RNA pol.
Which polymerase has a termination signal that is a run of adenine residues? - ANS-
POL III in eukaryotes
Which RNA makes up 80 to 90% of the total cellular RNA - ANS-rRNA
rRNA - ANS-an importnat structural and funcitonal part of the ribosomes, cellular
organelles where proteins are synthesized
,Eukaryotic r RNA is comprised of: - ANS-Small Subunit: 18S and 5.8S
Large Subunit: 28S
Monocistronic
Prokaryotic rRNA is composed of - ANS-Small Subunit: 16S
Large Subunit: 23S and 5S
sometimes polycistronic
Constitutive Transcription - ANS-Some messages are transcribed constantly and
are relatively abundant in the cell
Inducible transcription - ANS-transcribed only at certain times during the cell cycle
or under particular conditions
Polyuridine or Polythymine residues - ANS-covalently attached to cellulose or
sepharose substrates are often used to specifically isolate mRNA in the lab.
mRNA processing - ANS-- 5' guanine cap. mRNA is blocked at the 5' terminus by a
5'5 pyrophosphate bridge to a methylated guanosine. Cap has a protective
funciton and serves as a recognition signal for the translational apparatus.
- 3' poly-A tail. Polyadenylate polymerase adds adenines ot the end of the
transcript
- RNA splicing of exons = remove introns + "splice" together exons
Introns - ANS-long stretches of noncoding DNA sequences
heteronuclear RNA - ANS-Newly transcribed mRNA before splicing. not mature
RNA
Introns are removed from hnRNA by - ANS-splicing
Exons - ANS-the remaining sequences that code for the protein product
Alternative splicing - ANS-modifies products of genes by alternate insertion of
different exons
snRNA - ANS-functions in splicing in Eukaryotes, small nuclear RNA stays in the
nucleus after its transcription by RNA Pol I or III.
tRNA - ANS-Translation of information from nucleic acid to protein requires
reading of the mRNA by ribosomes, using adaptor molecules or tRNA
Poly A Polymerase is a template-independent RNA Polymerase and what does it do? -
ANS-The resulting poly-A tail is important for mRNA stability and translation into
protein.
, RNases are - ANS-ubiquitious, stable enzymes that degrade all types of RNA.
They are of particular concern in laboratories where RNA work is performed
because they are very resistant to inactivation.
RNA Helicases - ANS-are required to catalyze the unwinding of double-stranded
RNA.
Proteins - ANS-products on transcription and translation of the Nucleic Acids
Immunohistochemistry, on live cells using flow cytometry, on isolated poteins by
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, capillary electrophoresis, and western blots -
ANS-Used in the medical laboratory to analyze the amount and mutational status
of specific proteins
Genetic Code - ANS-important to understand the movement of genetic info from
DNA to protein
What are polymers of amino acids? - ANS-Proteins
Each amino acid has characteristic biochemical properties determined by the nature of
its amino acid ____________ - ANS-side chain
A single protein can have separate _______ with _________ ___________ - ANS-
domains, different properties
Peptide Bond - ANS-The amino and carboxyl terminal groups of the amino acids
are joined ina carbon-carbon-nitrogen substituted amide linkage to form protein
backbone
On one end of the peptide will be an ______ and at the opposite terminus of the peptide
- ANS-amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal
Proteins are what? - ANS-polypeptides that can reach sizes more than a thousand
amino acids in length
Proteome - ANS-the collection of proteins encoded in an organism's DNA
Primary Structure - ANS-The sequence of amino acids in a protein determins the
nature and activity of that protein. The sequence of the protein and is read by
convention from the amino terminal end to the carboxyl. terminal end.
Secondary Structure - ANS-These include ordered beta or beta-pleated sheets and
less-ordered alpha helices, or random coils.
Tertiary Structure - ANS-It is denatured. Mutations in DNA that substitute different
amino acids in the primary structure can also alter tertiary structure.
