APHY 102 HEART IVY TECH MID-TERM EXAM 2026 UPDATE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWES ALREADY
GRADED A+ (BRAND NEW VISION)
What is the function of the liver? - ANS-produce bile
What is the function of the gall bladder? - ANS-stores bile
What is the function of the pancreas? - ANS-Secretes inslin and glucagon hormones
and makes pancreatic juices
What is the function of the salivary glands? - ANS-produce saliva, initiates
breakdown of carbohydrates
What are the functions of the digestive system? - ANS-digestion, absorption,
elimination
Describe the mucosa - ANS-Epithelium, connective tissue, smooth muscle
Describe the submucosa - ANS-Loose connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatic
vessels, nerves
Describe the muscular layer of the GI tract - ANS-Smooth muscle fibers in circular
and longitudinal groups
Describe the serosa layer of the GI tract - ANS-Epithelium, connective tissue
Differentiate between primary and permanent teeth - ANS-There are 20 primary
(baby) teeth.
There are 32 secondary (permanent) teeth.
Describe the nervous systems role for digestion - ANS-Parasympathetic impulses
increase activities of digestive system.
Sympathetic impulses inhibit certain digestive actions.
Describe the different types of motility and mixing within the digestive system - ANS-
Food is first mixed with saliva in the mouth and then is pushed down the
esophagus by peristalsis. Then it is mixed with gastric juice and pushed into the
small and large intestine where it is moved along toward the rectum by
segmentation.
, Describe peristalsis versus segmentation - ANS-Peristalsis is muscle contractions in
the esophagus, segmentation is muscle contractions in the large and small
intestine.
mechanical digestion - ANS-Part of digestion that uses movement and muscles to
break down food
chemical digestion - ANS-Process by which enzymes break down food into small
molecules that the body can use
proteases and peptidases - ANS-split proteins into small peptides and amino acids
Lipases - ANS-enzymes that break down lipids
Amylases - ANS-break down carbohydrates
Nucleases - ANS-break down nucleic acids
Describe the digestion of carbohydrates - ANS--They begin breaking down in the
mouth with salivary amylase which breaks down the starch into polysaccharides
-It goes into the stomach where no digestion occurs
-Moves through the small intestine where pancreatic amylase is secreted to break
down into disaccharides and monosaccharides
-The glucose then movies across the intestinal microvilli and enters into the
bloodstream
Describe the digestion of proteins - ANS--begin digestion in stomach via chief cells
secreting pepsinogen and parietal cells producing acid
-in the acidic environment, pepsinogen is converted to pepsin
-pepsin digests protein and turns it into peptide fragments
-pancreas secretes peptidases to break down peptides
Describe the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. - ANS-Carbohydrates -
begin in mouth when food is mixed with enzyme amylase. Stopped for a brief
period while food is in the stomach. While in the stomach food is mixed with
pepsin and HCl.
Proteins - the pepsin in the gastric juice digests proteins.
What is bile? How does it work? - ANS-Bile is a yellowish-green liquid that hepatic
cells continuously secrete. It contains water, bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol,
and electrolytes. The bile salts in it work to emulsify fats as well as help absorb
fatty acids, cholesterol, and fat-soluble vitamins.
Describe the pathway of bile - ANS-Left/right hepatic ducts
Common hepatic duct
Common bile duct
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWES ALREADY
GRADED A+ (BRAND NEW VISION)
What is the function of the liver? - ANS-produce bile
What is the function of the gall bladder? - ANS-stores bile
What is the function of the pancreas? - ANS-Secretes inslin and glucagon hormones
and makes pancreatic juices
What is the function of the salivary glands? - ANS-produce saliva, initiates
breakdown of carbohydrates
What are the functions of the digestive system? - ANS-digestion, absorption,
elimination
Describe the mucosa - ANS-Epithelium, connective tissue, smooth muscle
Describe the submucosa - ANS-Loose connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatic
vessels, nerves
Describe the muscular layer of the GI tract - ANS-Smooth muscle fibers in circular
and longitudinal groups
Describe the serosa layer of the GI tract - ANS-Epithelium, connective tissue
Differentiate between primary and permanent teeth - ANS-There are 20 primary
(baby) teeth.
There are 32 secondary (permanent) teeth.
Describe the nervous systems role for digestion - ANS-Parasympathetic impulses
increase activities of digestive system.
Sympathetic impulses inhibit certain digestive actions.
Describe the different types of motility and mixing within the digestive system - ANS-
Food is first mixed with saliva in the mouth and then is pushed down the
esophagus by peristalsis. Then it is mixed with gastric juice and pushed into the
small and large intestine where it is moved along toward the rectum by
segmentation.
, Describe peristalsis versus segmentation - ANS-Peristalsis is muscle contractions in
the esophagus, segmentation is muscle contractions in the large and small
intestine.
mechanical digestion - ANS-Part of digestion that uses movement and muscles to
break down food
chemical digestion - ANS-Process by which enzymes break down food into small
molecules that the body can use
proteases and peptidases - ANS-split proteins into small peptides and amino acids
Lipases - ANS-enzymes that break down lipids
Amylases - ANS-break down carbohydrates
Nucleases - ANS-break down nucleic acids
Describe the digestion of carbohydrates - ANS--They begin breaking down in the
mouth with salivary amylase which breaks down the starch into polysaccharides
-It goes into the stomach where no digestion occurs
-Moves through the small intestine where pancreatic amylase is secreted to break
down into disaccharides and monosaccharides
-The glucose then movies across the intestinal microvilli and enters into the
bloodstream
Describe the digestion of proteins - ANS--begin digestion in stomach via chief cells
secreting pepsinogen and parietal cells producing acid
-in the acidic environment, pepsinogen is converted to pepsin
-pepsin digests protein and turns it into peptide fragments
-pancreas secretes peptidases to break down peptides
Describe the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. - ANS-Carbohydrates -
begin in mouth when food is mixed with enzyme amylase. Stopped for a brief
period while food is in the stomach. While in the stomach food is mixed with
pepsin and HCl.
Proteins - the pepsin in the gastric juice digests proteins.
What is bile? How does it work? - ANS-Bile is a yellowish-green liquid that hepatic
cells continuously secrete. It contains water, bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol,
and electrolytes. The bile salts in it work to emulsify fats as well as help absorb
fatty acids, cholesterol, and fat-soluble vitamins.
Describe the pathway of bile - ANS-Left/right hepatic ducts
Common hepatic duct
Common bile duct
