NURS 221 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE | COMPLETE NURSING FINAL EXAM
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026/2027
Concepts related hygiene, elimination, immobility - ANS ✔✔- infection control
- nutrition
- development
- functional ability
- cognition
- self care
- fluids and electrolytes
what to assess for before beginning with a patient's care - ANS ✔✔- what can the patient do
independently?
- what will their medical/condition allow?
- what are their preferences and normal practices?
- what are their needs related to hygiene?
- who usually assists with their hygiene?
- what are their teaching needs?
- what else would be important to do at thus time?
what to do for early morning care - ANS ✔✔- bathroom, urinal or assistance to the bathroom
- washing hands and face
- oral care
- prepare for breakfast
what to do for morning care (AM care) - ANS ✔✔- bath, shower or bed bath
- hair care and shaving
- oral care
- foot/nail care
- dressing in clothes or changing gown
- bed linen change
afternoon care - ANS ✔✔- washing hands and face (to refresh)
- oral care
- elimination needs
- checking bed linens
HS or evening - ANS ✔✔- washing face and hands
- oral care
- elimination needs
- changing into a new gown or bed clothes
- back massage
- straightening up area to reduce clutter
safe bathing temperature - ANS ✔✔- 38 degrees to 43 degrees Celsius
, safe bathing temperature policy is there because - ANS ✔✔- standards are laid out to prevent harm to
patients as a result of incorrect water temp
- applies to all care settings/showers
- compliance is required among all staff including students
how to check for water temperature for an infant? - ANS ✔✔- warm to touch of an adults elbow or inner
wrist
when is safe water temperature identified? - ANS ✔✔- prior to patient entering the bath or shower
Products to aid in maintaining skin integrity and hygiene - ANS ✔✔- moisturizers
- moisture barrier creams
- cleansers and wipes
- pharmaceutical creams and powders
- incontinence products
cornerstone if for ______ - ANS ✔✔- dry skin (xerosis)
how do moisturizers work? - ANS ✔✔- by repairing the skin barrier
- increasing water contents of the skin
- reducing water loss
what are emollients - ANS ✔✔- they are fatty acids containing lotions that replenish the oils on the skin
surface
- what are humectants? - ANS ✔✔- they are additives (i.e alpha hydroxy acids, urea)
- that draw water from the deeper layers to the skin surface
- occlusives prevent what? - ANS ✔✔- water loss from the skin
what do we need to know as nurses about urinary and bowel elimination? - ANS ✔✔- what factors affect
urinary and bowel elimination
- what is expected/unexpected
- what strategies can we implement
- what do we need to consider when monitoring and evaluating
- what is it an urgent situation
what to consider for urinary function in older adults - ANS ✔✔- decreased kidney ability to concentrate
urine or reabsorb water
- reduction in GFR
- changes in vasopressin secretion (may experience nocturia)
- functional capacity of bladder decreases
- bladder contractility decreases (less efficient emptying)
- decrease sensation of thirst
- may experience decreased muscle tone in perineal floor and anal sphincter
things to do in an assessment - ANS ✔✔- health history
- physical assessment
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026/2027
Concepts related hygiene, elimination, immobility - ANS ✔✔- infection control
- nutrition
- development
- functional ability
- cognition
- self care
- fluids and electrolytes
what to assess for before beginning with a patient's care - ANS ✔✔- what can the patient do
independently?
- what will their medical/condition allow?
- what are their preferences and normal practices?
- what are their needs related to hygiene?
- who usually assists with their hygiene?
- what are their teaching needs?
- what else would be important to do at thus time?
what to do for early morning care - ANS ✔✔- bathroom, urinal or assistance to the bathroom
- washing hands and face
- oral care
- prepare for breakfast
what to do for morning care (AM care) - ANS ✔✔- bath, shower or bed bath
- hair care and shaving
- oral care
- foot/nail care
- dressing in clothes or changing gown
- bed linen change
afternoon care - ANS ✔✔- washing hands and face (to refresh)
- oral care
- elimination needs
- checking bed linens
HS or evening - ANS ✔✔- washing face and hands
- oral care
- elimination needs
- changing into a new gown or bed clothes
- back massage
- straightening up area to reduce clutter
safe bathing temperature - ANS ✔✔- 38 degrees to 43 degrees Celsius
, safe bathing temperature policy is there because - ANS ✔✔- standards are laid out to prevent harm to
patients as a result of incorrect water temp
- applies to all care settings/showers
- compliance is required among all staff including students
how to check for water temperature for an infant? - ANS ✔✔- warm to touch of an adults elbow or inner
wrist
when is safe water temperature identified? - ANS ✔✔- prior to patient entering the bath or shower
Products to aid in maintaining skin integrity and hygiene - ANS ✔✔- moisturizers
- moisture barrier creams
- cleansers and wipes
- pharmaceutical creams and powders
- incontinence products
cornerstone if for ______ - ANS ✔✔- dry skin (xerosis)
how do moisturizers work? - ANS ✔✔- by repairing the skin barrier
- increasing water contents of the skin
- reducing water loss
what are emollients - ANS ✔✔- they are fatty acids containing lotions that replenish the oils on the skin
surface
- what are humectants? - ANS ✔✔- they are additives (i.e alpha hydroxy acids, urea)
- that draw water from the deeper layers to the skin surface
- occlusives prevent what? - ANS ✔✔- water loss from the skin
what do we need to know as nurses about urinary and bowel elimination? - ANS ✔✔- what factors affect
urinary and bowel elimination
- what is expected/unexpected
- what strategies can we implement
- what do we need to consider when monitoring and evaluating
- what is it an urgent situation
what to consider for urinary function in older adults - ANS ✔✔- decreased kidney ability to concentrate
urine or reabsorb water
- reduction in GFR
- changes in vasopressin secretion (may experience nocturia)
- functional capacity of bladder decreases
- bladder contractility decreases (less efficient emptying)
- decrease sensation of thirst
- may experience decreased muscle tone in perineal floor and anal sphincter
things to do in an assessment - ANS ✔✔- health history
- physical assessment
