ADULT HEALTH 1 STUDY GUIDE | COMPLETE MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING
EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026/2027
The client is a 51-year-old male with pneumonia. The client has a history of hypertension and takes
enalapril and a multivitamin daily. His surgical history includes adenoid removal at age 4- years and a
surgical repair of a fractured tibia at age 20. The nurse is preparing to set up the oxygen administration
and apply a simple face mask. The orders would the nurse question? (Select all that apply.) - correct
answer ✔✔Ibuprofen 400 mg every 4 to 6 hours PRN for temperature greater than
100.5°F,Supplemental oxygen 10 L/min via nasal cannula
The client is a 51-year-old male with pneumonia. The client has a history of hypertension and takes
enalapril and a multivitamin daily. His surgical history includes adenoid removal at age 4- years and a
surgical repair of a fractured tibia at age 20. The nurse is preparing to set up the oxygen administration
and apply a simple face mask. SATA - correct answer ✔✔Perform hand hygiene, Identify the client using
Z client identifiers, Check the skin around the face, Don gloves, Assess respiratory function
The client is a 51-year-old male with pneumonia. The client has a history of hypertension and takes
enalapril and a multivitamin daily. His surgical history includes adenoid removal at age 4- years and a
surgical repair of a fractured tibia at age 20. According to the client's vital signs, he is experiencing
______ & ______ - correct answer ✔✔Tachycardia & Tachypnea
The client is a 51-year-old male with pneumonia. The client has a history of hypertension and takes
enalapril and a multivitamin daily. His surgical history includes adenoid removal at age 4- years and a
surgical repair of a fractured tibia at age 20. The nurse is preparing to set up the oxygen administration
and apply a simple face mask. What actions can the nurse do to assist the client in improving their
ventilation and oxygenation? Select all that apply. - correct answer ✔✔Encourage the client to take
breaks from the oxygen mask every few hours. Assist the client in ambulating safely. Positioning the
client with the head of the bed elevated
The client is a 51-year-old male with pneumonia. The client has a history of hypertension and takes
enalapril and a multivitamin daily. His surgical history includes adenoid removal at age 4- years and a
surgical repair of a fractured tibia at age 20. The nurse is preparing to set up the oxygen administration
and apply a simple face mask. Mark whether the assessment findings indicate that the treatment was
effective or ineffective assessment findings. - correct answer ✔✔Rhonchi in the right lung - ineffective,
Symmetric chest expansion-effective, Oxygen saturation greater than 94%- effective: PaCO2 55 mm Hg
on a blood gas ineffective, Client ambulates without shortness of breath- effective, Diminished breath
sounds in the right lung- ineffective.
The client is a 51-year-old male with pneumonia. The client has a history of hypertension and takes
enalapril and a multivitamin daily. His surgical history includes adenoid removal at age 4- years and a
surgical repair of a fractured tibia at age 20. The nurse is preparing to set up the oxygen administration
and apply a simple face mask. Which technique should the nurse use when assessing the client for early
signs of rheumatoid arthritis? - correct answer ✔✔Observe the client's fingers
Which information should the nurse include when giving discharge instructions to a client following a left
eye cataract extraction with a lens implant? - correct answer ✔✔Administer a stool softener
, A client with chronic cirrhosis has esophageal varices. It is most important for the nurse to monitor the
client for the onset of which problem? - correct answer ✔✔Hematemesis(bloody vomit)
The nurse is planning to care for a client with a direct (sliding) hiatal hernia. Nursing actions should be
planned to meet which goal? - correct answer ✔✔Prevent esophageal reflux
A client with psoriasis returns to the clinic reporting the persistence of several silvery, scaly areas on the
elbows and palms that frequently burn and sometimes bleed. Which prescription should the nurse teach
the client to use for the skin condition? - correct answer ✔✔Topical corticosteroids
The healthcare provider prescribes an IV solution of clindamycin 850 mg in 75 mL of DW to infuse over
30 minutes. The drop factor is 15 gtt/mL. The nurse should regulate the IV to deliver how many
gtt/minute? * (Always round to the nearest whole number gtt/min.) - correct answer ✔✔38gtt/min
A client who has had a laryngectomy and tracheostomy frequently expects copious amounts of purulent
secretions. When changing the lines of the tracheostomy tube, which action is most important for the
nurse to take? - correct answer ✔✔Leave the old ties in place until the new ones are secure
A client presents to the emergency department vomiting dark brown emesis and in severe abdominal
pain. The client reports to the nurse of recently being diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the small
intestine. After auscultating bowel sounds and obtaining vital signs, which prescription should the nurse
implement next? - correct answer ✔✔Insert a nasogastric tube (NGT) and attach to low intermittent
suction
A client has a nasogastric (NG) tube placed during abdominal surgery. During postoperative
convalescence, the nurse identifies that the client is manifesting a hand tremor, muscle twitching, and
confusion. Which arterial blood gases consistent with metabolic alkalosis should the nurse report to the
healthcare provider? - correct answer ✔✔pH 7.46, PCO, 55 mm Hg, HCO, 36 mEq/L (36 mmol/L), PO, 95
mm Hg. 50% pH 7.46, PCO2 55 mm Hg, HCO3 36 mEq/L, PO2 95 mm Hg.
A client has been administered lactulose for several days. Which therapeutic response should the nurse
expect for a client with hepatic encephalopathy? - correct answer ✔✔Lactulose- works by reducing
serum ammonia levels through the promotion of ammonia excretion in the feces, leading to improved
cognitive function and mental status in individuals with hepatic encephalopathy
The client with Clostridium diff in the stool receives a prescription for vancomycin PO. Which action
should the nurse take before administering the first dose? - correct answer ✔✔Check serum creatinine
An older adult client is hospitalized with a fractured femur. During a routine nursing assessment, the
client repeatedly asks the nurse to "speak up" so that the client can hear the questions. Which action is
best for the nurse to take? - correct answer ✔✔Decrease speaking speed.
An adult client is admitted with AIDS and oral Candide albicans manifested by several painful mouth
ulcers. The nurse delegates oral care to the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) and discusses how to
assist the client. Which instruction should the nurse provide to the UAP? - correct answer ✔✔Provide a
soft-bristled toothbrush for the client to use during oral care. In the case of oral candidiasis, using a
EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026/2027
The client is a 51-year-old male with pneumonia. The client has a history of hypertension and takes
enalapril and a multivitamin daily. His surgical history includes adenoid removal at age 4- years and a
surgical repair of a fractured tibia at age 20. The nurse is preparing to set up the oxygen administration
and apply a simple face mask. The orders would the nurse question? (Select all that apply.) - correct
answer ✔✔Ibuprofen 400 mg every 4 to 6 hours PRN for temperature greater than
100.5°F,Supplemental oxygen 10 L/min via nasal cannula
The client is a 51-year-old male with pneumonia. The client has a history of hypertension and takes
enalapril and a multivitamin daily. His surgical history includes adenoid removal at age 4- years and a
surgical repair of a fractured tibia at age 20. The nurse is preparing to set up the oxygen administration
and apply a simple face mask. SATA - correct answer ✔✔Perform hand hygiene, Identify the client using
Z client identifiers, Check the skin around the face, Don gloves, Assess respiratory function
The client is a 51-year-old male with pneumonia. The client has a history of hypertension and takes
enalapril and a multivitamin daily. His surgical history includes adenoid removal at age 4- years and a
surgical repair of a fractured tibia at age 20. According to the client's vital signs, he is experiencing
______ & ______ - correct answer ✔✔Tachycardia & Tachypnea
The client is a 51-year-old male with pneumonia. The client has a history of hypertension and takes
enalapril and a multivitamin daily. His surgical history includes adenoid removal at age 4- years and a
surgical repair of a fractured tibia at age 20. The nurse is preparing to set up the oxygen administration
and apply a simple face mask. What actions can the nurse do to assist the client in improving their
ventilation and oxygenation? Select all that apply. - correct answer ✔✔Encourage the client to take
breaks from the oxygen mask every few hours. Assist the client in ambulating safely. Positioning the
client with the head of the bed elevated
The client is a 51-year-old male with pneumonia. The client has a history of hypertension and takes
enalapril and a multivitamin daily. His surgical history includes adenoid removal at age 4- years and a
surgical repair of a fractured tibia at age 20. The nurse is preparing to set up the oxygen administration
and apply a simple face mask. Mark whether the assessment findings indicate that the treatment was
effective or ineffective assessment findings. - correct answer ✔✔Rhonchi in the right lung - ineffective,
Symmetric chest expansion-effective, Oxygen saturation greater than 94%- effective: PaCO2 55 mm Hg
on a blood gas ineffective, Client ambulates without shortness of breath- effective, Diminished breath
sounds in the right lung- ineffective.
The client is a 51-year-old male with pneumonia. The client has a history of hypertension and takes
enalapril and a multivitamin daily. His surgical history includes adenoid removal at age 4- years and a
surgical repair of a fractured tibia at age 20. The nurse is preparing to set up the oxygen administration
and apply a simple face mask. Which technique should the nurse use when assessing the client for early
signs of rheumatoid arthritis? - correct answer ✔✔Observe the client's fingers
Which information should the nurse include when giving discharge instructions to a client following a left
eye cataract extraction with a lens implant? - correct answer ✔✔Administer a stool softener
, A client with chronic cirrhosis has esophageal varices. It is most important for the nurse to monitor the
client for the onset of which problem? - correct answer ✔✔Hematemesis(bloody vomit)
The nurse is planning to care for a client with a direct (sliding) hiatal hernia. Nursing actions should be
planned to meet which goal? - correct answer ✔✔Prevent esophageal reflux
A client with psoriasis returns to the clinic reporting the persistence of several silvery, scaly areas on the
elbows and palms that frequently burn and sometimes bleed. Which prescription should the nurse teach
the client to use for the skin condition? - correct answer ✔✔Topical corticosteroids
The healthcare provider prescribes an IV solution of clindamycin 850 mg in 75 mL of DW to infuse over
30 minutes. The drop factor is 15 gtt/mL. The nurse should regulate the IV to deliver how many
gtt/minute? * (Always round to the nearest whole number gtt/min.) - correct answer ✔✔38gtt/min
A client who has had a laryngectomy and tracheostomy frequently expects copious amounts of purulent
secretions. When changing the lines of the tracheostomy tube, which action is most important for the
nurse to take? - correct answer ✔✔Leave the old ties in place until the new ones are secure
A client presents to the emergency department vomiting dark brown emesis and in severe abdominal
pain. The client reports to the nurse of recently being diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the small
intestine. After auscultating bowel sounds and obtaining vital signs, which prescription should the nurse
implement next? - correct answer ✔✔Insert a nasogastric tube (NGT) and attach to low intermittent
suction
A client has a nasogastric (NG) tube placed during abdominal surgery. During postoperative
convalescence, the nurse identifies that the client is manifesting a hand tremor, muscle twitching, and
confusion. Which arterial blood gases consistent with metabolic alkalosis should the nurse report to the
healthcare provider? - correct answer ✔✔pH 7.46, PCO, 55 mm Hg, HCO, 36 mEq/L (36 mmol/L), PO, 95
mm Hg. 50% pH 7.46, PCO2 55 mm Hg, HCO3 36 mEq/L, PO2 95 mm Hg.
A client has been administered lactulose for several days. Which therapeutic response should the nurse
expect for a client with hepatic encephalopathy? - correct answer ✔✔Lactulose- works by reducing
serum ammonia levels through the promotion of ammonia excretion in the feces, leading to improved
cognitive function and mental status in individuals with hepatic encephalopathy
The client with Clostridium diff in the stool receives a prescription for vancomycin PO. Which action
should the nurse take before administering the first dose? - correct answer ✔✔Check serum creatinine
An older adult client is hospitalized with a fractured femur. During a routine nursing assessment, the
client repeatedly asks the nurse to "speak up" so that the client can hear the questions. Which action is
best for the nurse to take? - correct answer ✔✔Decrease speaking speed.
An adult client is admitted with AIDS and oral Candide albicans manifested by several painful mouth
ulcers. The nurse delegates oral care to the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) and discusses how to
assist the client. Which instruction should the nurse provide to the UAP? - correct answer ✔✔Provide a
soft-bristled toothbrush for the client to use during oral care. In the case of oral candidiasis, using a
