RACE AND ETHNICITY EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE | COMPLETE SOCIOLOGY EXAM
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026/2027
Racial Formation - ANS ✔✔a sociohistorical process by which racial categories are created, inhabited,
transformed, and destroyed
Panethnicity - ANS ✔✔the development of solidarity between ethnic subgroups, as reflected in terms
Hispanic or Asian American
Marginality - ANS ✔✔the status of being between two cultures at the same time, such as the status of
Jewish immigrants in the United States
Stratification - ANS ✔✔a structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal rewards
and power in a society
Class - ANS ✔✔as defined by Max Weber, people who share similar levels of wealth
Functionalist Perspective - ANS ✔✔a sociological approach emphasizing how parts of a society are
structured to maintain its stability
Dysfunction - ANS ✔✔an element of society that may disrupt a social system or decrease its stability
Conflict Perspective - ANS ✔✔a sociological approach that assumes that the social structure is best
understood in terms of conflict or tension between competing groups
Stereotypes - ANS ✔✔unreliable, exaggerated generalizations about all members of a group that do not
take individual differences into account
Self-fulfilling Prophecy - ANS ✔✔the tendency to respond to and act on the basis of stereotypes, a
predisposition that can lead one to validate false definitions
Migration - ANS ✔✔a general term that describes any transfer of population
Emigration - ANS ✔✔leaving a country to settle in another
Immigration - ANS ✔✔coming into a new country as a permanent resident
Labeling Theory - ANS ✔✔a sociological approach introduced by Howard Becker that attempts to explain
why certain people are viewed as deviants and others engaging in the same behavior are not
Colonialism - ANS ✔✔a foreign power's maintenance of social, political, economic, and cultural
dominance over people for an extended period
Segregation - ANS ✔✔the physical separation of two groups, often imposed on a subordinate group by
the dominant group
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026/2027
Racial Formation - ANS ✔✔a sociohistorical process by which racial categories are created, inhabited,
transformed, and destroyed
Panethnicity - ANS ✔✔the development of solidarity between ethnic subgroups, as reflected in terms
Hispanic or Asian American
Marginality - ANS ✔✔the status of being between two cultures at the same time, such as the status of
Jewish immigrants in the United States
Stratification - ANS ✔✔a structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal rewards
and power in a society
Class - ANS ✔✔as defined by Max Weber, people who share similar levels of wealth
Functionalist Perspective - ANS ✔✔a sociological approach emphasizing how parts of a society are
structured to maintain its stability
Dysfunction - ANS ✔✔an element of society that may disrupt a social system or decrease its stability
Conflict Perspective - ANS ✔✔a sociological approach that assumes that the social structure is best
understood in terms of conflict or tension between competing groups
Stereotypes - ANS ✔✔unreliable, exaggerated generalizations about all members of a group that do not
take individual differences into account
Self-fulfilling Prophecy - ANS ✔✔the tendency to respond to and act on the basis of stereotypes, a
predisposition that can lead one to validate false definitions
Migration - ANS ✔✔a general term that describes any transfer of population
Emigration - ANS ✔✔leaving a country to settle in another
Immigration - ANS ✔✔coming into a new country as a permanent resident
Labeling Theory - ANS ✔✔a sociological approach introduced by Howard Becker that attempts to explain
why certain people are viewed as deviants and others engaging in the same behavior are not
Colonialism - ANS ✔✔a foreign power's maintenance of social, political, economic, and cultural
dominance over people for an extended period
Segregation - ANS ✔✔the physical separation of two groups, often imposed on a subordinate group by
the dominant group
