EBP Final Exam (with rationale) with all Correct & 100%
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Compared to healthcare organizations, individual nurses most often use research evidence by:
A. Writing detailed protocols for every patient
B. Creating formal care pathways
C. Integrating it into their usual routines and ways of doing things
D. Developing clinical guidelines for the unit ✔Correct Answer-C - Individual nurses usually
adjust how they teach, assess, or intervene rather than formally writing protocols or guidelines.
Research evidence generally moves from limited to greater certainty and usefulness as more
studies are done.
A. True
B. False ✔Correct Answer-A - As multiple studies accumulate, conclusions become more
robust and applicable across settings and populations.
A clinical protocol may take which of the following forms?
A. Clinical pathway
B. Care algorithm
C. Standardized plan of care
D. All of the above ✔Correct Answer-D - Protocols can be expressed as pathways, algorithms,
order sets, or standardized plans of care.
Which source of evidence is usually considered least trustworthy when designing a protocol?
A. Findings from well-designed research studies
B. Internal quality monitoring data
C. Anecdotes from patients
D. Expert opinion ✔Correct Answer-C - Anecdotes are highly subjective and not systematically
collected, so they're the weakest form of evidence.
Which is the best description of the evidence-based practice (EBP) movement?
A. Strict adherence to protocols with no deviation
B. Integration of clinical expertise with the best available external research evidence
C. Preference for expert opinion over research findings
D. Avoiding protocols and relying mainly on individual judgment ✔Correct Answer-B - EBP
combines research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences to guide care.
Which is not one of the major forms of research evidence?
A. Clinical practice guidelines
B. Research summaries
,C. Anecdotal evidence
D. Individual original studies ✔Correct Answer-C - Anecdotal evidence is not a systematic
research product, unlike studies, summaries, and guidelines.
Research evidence includes which of the following?
A. Findings from a single original study
B. Conclusions of a systematic review
C. Recommendations from evidence-based guidelines
D. All of the above ✔Correct Answer-D - All three forms are built from research and are
considered research evidence in EBP.
Usually, findings from one or two well-done studies are enough to create reliable evidence-
based guidelines.
A. True
B. False ✔Correct Answer-B - Guidelines typically require multiple studies and synthesized
evidence, not just one or two.
A systematic review is best described as:
A. A single original research report
B. A critical, structured synthesis of multiple research studies on a focused question
C. A narrative literature review using any articles the author can find
D. A consensus document developed solely by expert opinion ✔Correct Answer-B - Systematic
reviews use a rigorous, transparent method to locate and synthesize multiple studies.
The most efficient starting point for developing an evidence-based protocol is usually:
A. Anecdotal data from patients
B. Individual qualitative studies only
C. Systematic reviews and/or evidence-based clinical practice guidelines
D. Non-peer-reviewed internet sources ✔Correct Answer-C - Synthesized evidence and
guidelines provide ready-to-use, higher-level evidence for protocols.
Which database is widely used and freely accessible for biomedical literature?
A. CINAHL
B. PsycINFO
C. PubMed / MEDLINE
D. Joanna Briggs Institute ✔Correct Answer-C - PubMed/MEDLINE is a free, widely used
database for biomedical and nursing research.
When searching for research evidence, it is usually best to start by looking for:
A. Single original studies
B. Systematic reviews and evidence-based guidelines
C. Case reports only
D. Editorials and opinion pieces ✔Correct Answer-B - Higher-level syntheses save time and
provide stronger evidence than starting with individual studies.
, The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) is best known for:
A. Accrediting nursing schools
B. Producing systematic reviews and critical appraisal tools
C. Publishing only qualitative research studies
D. Developing pharmacology guidelines ✔Correct Answer-B - JBI focuses on evidence
syntheses, implementation tools, and critical appraisal resources for clinicians.
The GRADE system is used primarily to:
A. Report randomized trial designs
B. Rate the overall quality of evidence and strength of recommendations
C. Report qualitative research methods
D. Design sampling strategies ✔Correct Answer-B - GRADE classifies evidence as high/low
quality and labels recommendations as strong or weak.
Which tool is used to guide reporting of randomized controlled trials?
A. AGREE II
B. CONSORT
C. PRISMA
D. STROBE ✔Correct Answer-B - CONSORT provides a checklist and flow diagram for
transparent reporting of RCTs.
Which tool is used primarily to appraise guidelines?
A. AGREE II
B. CONSORT
C. PRISMA
D. GRADE ✔Correct Answer-A - AGREE II evaluates guideline development rigor, clarity, and
applicability.
Which is not an essential element of any research study?
A. A clearly specified research purpose or question
B. Systematic methods of data collection
C. Analysis and interpretation of data
D. At least one statistically significant result ✔Correct Answer-D - Significance is not
guaranteed; credible studies may find non-significant results.
A section of a research article that briefly summarizes the purpose, methods, and main findings
is the:
A. Preface
B. Abstract
C. Introduction
D. Discussion ✔Correct Answer-B - The abstract provides a concise summary of the entire
study.
Verified Answers |Actual Complete Update |Already
Graded A+ (Just Released)
Compared to healthcare organizations, individual nurses most often use research evidence by:
A. Writing detailed protocols for every patient
B. Creating formal care pathways
C. Integrating it into their usual routines and ways of doing things
D. Developing clinical guidelines for the unit ✔Correct Answer-C - Individual nurses usually
adjust how they teach, assess, or intervene rather than formally writing protocols or guidelines.
Research evidence generally moves from limited to greater certainty and usefulness as more
studies are done.
A. True
B. False ✔Correct Answer-A - As multiple studies accumulate, conclusions become more
robust and applicable across settings and populations.
A clinical protocol may take which of the following forms?
A. Clinical pathway
B. Care algorithm
C. Standardized plan of care
D. All of the above ✔Correct Answer-D - Protocols can be expressed as pathways, algorithms,
order sets, or standardized plans of care.
Which source of evidence is usually considered least trustworthy when designing a protocol?
A. Findings from well-designed research studies
B. Internal quality monitoring data
C. Anecdotes from patients
D. Expert opinion ✔Correct Answer-C - Anecdotes are highly subjective and not systematically
collected, so they're the weakest form of evidence.
Which is the best description of the evidence-based practice (EBP) movement?
A. Strict adherence to protocols with no deviation
B. Integration of clinical expertise with the best available external research evidence
C. Preference for expert opinion over research findings
D. Avoiding protocols and relying mainly on individual judgment ✔Correct Answer-B - EBP
combines research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences to guide care.
Which is not one of the major forms of research evidence?
A. Clinical practice guidelines
B. Research summaries
,C. Anecdotal evidence
D. Individual original studies ✔Correct Answer-C - Anecdotal evidence is not a systematic
research product, unlike studies, summaries, and guidelines.
Research evidence includes which of the following?
A. Findings from a single original study
B. Conclusions of a systematic review
C. Recommendations from evidence-based guidelines
D. All of the above ✔Correct Answer-D - All three forms are built from research and are
considered research evidence in EBP.
Usually, findings from one or two well-done studies are enough to create reliable evidence-
based guidelines.
A. True
B. False ✔Correct Answer-B - Guidelines typically require multiple studies and synthesized
evidence, not just one or two.
A systematic review is best described as:
A. A single original research report
B. A critical, structured synthesis of multiple research studies on a focused question
C. A narrative literature review using any articles the author can find
D. A consensus document developed solely by expert opinion ✔Correct Answer-B - Systematic
reviews use a rigorous, transparent method to locate and synthesize multiple studies.
The most efficient starting point for developing an evidence-based protocol is usually:
A. Anecdotal data from patients
B. Individual qualitative studies only
C. Systematic reviews and/or evidence-based clinical practice guidelines
D. Non-peer-reviewed internet sources ✔Correct Answer-C - Synthesized evidence and
guidelines provide ready-to-use, higher-level evidence for protocols.
Which database is widely used and freely accessible for biomedical literature?
A. CINAHL
B. PsycINFO
C. PubMed / MEDLINE
D. Joanna Briggs Institute ✔Correct Answer-C - PubMed/MEDLINE is a free, widely used
database for biomedical and nursing research.
When searching for research evidence, it is usually best to start by looking for:
A. Single original studies
B. Systematic reviews and evidence-based guidelines
C. Case reports only
D. Editorials and opinion pieces ✔Correct Answer-B - Higher-level syntheses save time and
provide stronger evidence than starting with individual studies.
, The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) is best known for:
A. Accrediting nursing schools
B. Producing systematic reviews and critical appraisal tools
C. Publishing only qualitative research studies
D. Developing pharmacology guidelines ✔Correct Answer-B - JBI focuses on evidence
syntheses, implementation tools, and critical appraisal resources for clinicians.
The GRADE system is used primarily to:
A. Report randomized trial designs
B. Rate the overall quality of evidence and strength of recommendations
C. Report qualitative research methods
D. Design sampling strategies ✔Correct Answer-B - GRADE classifies evidence as high/low
quality and labels recommendations as strong or weak.
Which tool is used to guide reporting of randomized controlled trials?
A. AGREE II
B. CONSORT
C. PRISMA
D. STROBE ✔Correct Answer-B - CONSORT provides a checklist and flow diagram for
transparent reporting of RCTs.
Which tool is used primarily to appraise guidelines?
A. AGREE II
B. CONSORT
C. PRISMA
D. GRADE ✔Correct Answer-A - AGREE II evaluates guideline development rigor, clarity, and
applicability.
Which is not an essential element of any research study?
A. A clearly specified research purpose or question
B. Systematic methods of data collection
C. Analysis and interpretation of data
D. At least one statistically significant result ✔Correct Answer-D - Significance is not
guaranteed; credible studies may find non-significant results.
A section of a research article that briefly summarizes the purpose, methods, and main findings
is the:
A. Preface
B. Abstract
C. Introduction
D. Discussion ✔Correct Answer-B - The abstract provides a concise summary of the entire
study.
