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HESI CASE STUDIES EXAM 2026 80+ COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED A+ GRADE ASSURED!!!!! NEW LATEST UPDATE!!!!

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HESI CASE STUDIES EXAM 2026 80+ COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED A+ GRADE ASSURED!!!!! NEW LATEST UPDATE!!!!

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FINAL EXAMINATION PAPER dd dd




dd EVOLVE HESI CASE STUDIES DIABETES ANSWERS dd dd dd dd dd




STUDENT NAME: ________________________________
dd dd DATE: _____________ dd




COURSE: HESI CASE STUDIES dd dd dd TIME: _____________ dd




EXAM CODE: EVOLVE HESI CASE STUDIES DIABETES A
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NSWERS-101




EXAM INSTRUCTIONS: dd



1. Print your full name and date clearly in the header above.
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2. This exam booklet contains both Test Questions (Part I) and Verified Solutions (Part II).
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3. Answer all multiple-choice questions clearly. Double-check your work.
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4. Do not break the seal or open this booklet until instructed to do so by the proctor.
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Q1. What additional information in Judy's history may be related to the onset of ESRD?
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A) Hypertension
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B) Polycystic Kidney Disease
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C) Hysterectomy at age 35
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D) Female gender
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E) African-American ethnicity F) Hypertension
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[Verified Solution]: E + F African American ethnicity = African American clients are more likely to d
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evelop ESKD and have hypertensive ESKD Hypertension Polycystic Kidney Disease = Polycystic kidne
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y disease gene mutation will develop kidney cysts by age 30 half of these people develop CKD by age
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50 -hysterectomy at age 35 = this is not a risk factor for CKD -
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Female gender = CKD does not seem to be more common in either gender -
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HTN = hypertension is one of the primary causes of CKD the vast majority of clients with CKD have h
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ypertension which may be either the cause or the result of CKD
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Q2. Which lab value is likely to be decreased in a client with chronic kidney disease? -
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Serum K+ -Serum BUN and Creatinine -Serum Ca+ -Serum Phosphorous
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[Verified Solution]: Serum calcium = Serum calcium is decreased in CKD in response to an increase i
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n serum phosphorus -
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serum potassium levels are increased in CKD as the kidney loses the ability to remove potassium from t
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he body clients with CKD should be assessed carefully for symptoms of hyperkalemia -
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serum creatinine and BUN are tests which evaluate the removal of nitrogenous wastes by the kidney. B
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oth are increased in CKD although BUN levels are directly impacted by protein intake hydration status
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and other factors - serum phosphorus is increased as less phosphorus is excreted by the kidney
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Q3. Judy's hemoglobin level is 7.8. Which underlying pathology does the nurse recognize as t
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he cause of this abnormal lab value? -Fewer red blood cells are being formed -
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,hematuria results in blood loss -renal waste products destroy red blood cells -
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dehydration causes dilutional anemia dd dd dd




[Verified Solution]: Fewer red blood cells are being formed = hemoglobin is decreased as the kidneys
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dbecome less able to produce erythropoietin necessary for the formation of red blood cells -
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hematuria results in blood loss = CKD does not result in hematuria -
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renal waste products destroy red blood cells = this does not occur in CKD -
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dehydration causes dilutional anemia = if dehydration occurred it would be likely to result in a high he
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moglobin level rather than a low level dd dd dd dd dd dd




Q4. What is the correct interpretation of these ABGs? Metabolic acidosis (compensated) respi
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ratory alkalosis (compensated) metabolic alkalosis (compensated) respiratory acidosis (compen
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sated)
[Verified Solution]: Metabolic acidosis (compensated) = an excessive bicarbonate is excreted, the HC
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O3 level decreases causing metabolic acidosis (decreased pH). compensation occurs when an increased r
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ate and depth of respirations reduce the CO2 levels returning the pH to low normal -
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alkalosis would be indicated by an increased pH rather than decreased pH -
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respiratory acidosis (compensated) = this is a compensated acidosis but if it were respiratory in nature t
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he CO2, would be elevated rather than decreased
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Q5. Which additional assessment finding is consistent with ESRD?
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A) Clay colored stool
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b) tall tented T waves on
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c) electrocardiogram
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d) decrease attention span
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e) stridor f) yellow Gray pallor
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[Verified Solution]: B, D, F Tall tented T waves on electrocardiogram = potassium excretion occurs m
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ainly through the kidney. any increase in potassium load during the later stages of CKD can lead to hyp
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erkalemia (high serum potassium levels) Decreased attention span = problems ranging from lethargy to
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seizures or coma which may indicate uremic encephalopathy Yellow-
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gray pallor = the client with ESRD often exhibits a yellow Gray pallor as the result of anemia and urem
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ia. in addition the client with ESRD may exhibit other skin manifestations such as bruising and uremic f
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rost (a very late manifestation) -
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ddStridor is a crowing respiratory noise due to bronchoconstriction it is not an expected finding in ESRD
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d- Clay-colored stools = not a manifestation seen in ESRD
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Q6. Which assessment finding indicates to the nurse that the desired outcome of the calcium a
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cetate (PhosLo) has been achieved? Serum hemoglobin of 12 g/dL serum glucose of 90 mg/dL
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serum phosphorus of 4.0 mg/dL Serum hematocrit of 32%
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[Verified Solution]: Serum phosphorous of 4.0 mg/dL = calcium acetate (PhosLo) acts as a phosphate
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binder reducing the high serum phosphorus levels commonly found in the client with CKD -
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hemoglobin and hematocrit are not affected by the use of PhosLo -
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serum glucose of 90 mg/dL = this normal glucose level is managed with the clients glipizide (Glucotro
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l)

, Q7. Which assessment should the nurse perform to determine if the desired outcome of the ca
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ptopril (Capoten) has been achieved? Blood pressure Intake and output apical pulse finger stic
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k glucose
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[Verified Solution]: Blood pressure = captopril (Capoten) is an ACE inhibitor used as an antihypertens
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ive agent - dd dd



Intake and output = this would be an approximate assessment measure for a diuretic such as furosemide
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d(lasix) but not for captopril -
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ddApical pulse = this does not provide data as to the desired outcome of the captopril -
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finger stick glucose = this would be an appropriate assessment measure for a hypoglycemic agent such
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as glipizide (Glucotrol) but not for captopril
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Q8. Which assessment data indicates to the nurse that the desired outcome of the epoetin alfa
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(Epogen) has been achieved? Conjunctival sac returns to a reddish-pink color Normo-
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active bowel sounds no evidence of edema consumed 100% of diet
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[Verified Solution]: Conjunctival sac returns to a reddish-
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pink color = this assessment finding reflects an improvement in the client's anemia. epogen stimulates th
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e production of RBCs resulting in an increase in hematocrit it is used to treat the anemia common in cli
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ents with CKD -Normo-
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active bowel sounds = this is not an indicator for the desired outcome of epogen -
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no evidence of edema = this assessment finding is an indicator use to assess the effectiveness of a diur
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etic such as a furosemide (Lasix) but not epogen -
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consumed 100% of diet = this is not the best indicator that the desired outcome of a Epoetin has been
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achieved although an improvement in dietary intake may be a secondary benefit of a reduction in fatigu
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e




Q9. Based on these diagnoses, which nursing intervention should be included in Judy's plan o
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f care? -Encourage oral fluid intake -avoid any substances and intramuscular injections -
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encourage patient to ask questions and discuss fears about diagnosis -
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offer high protein snacks frequently
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[Verified Solution]: Encourage pt to ask questions and discuss fears about diagnosis = an open atmosp
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here that allows for discussion can decrease anxiety. facilitate discussions with family members about th
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e prognosis and the impact on lifestyle -
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Encourage oral fluid intake = fluid restrictions will be instituted -
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avoid any substances and intramuscular injections = although the client with CKD is likely to bruise eas
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ily due to a reduction in platelets avoidance of injections is not necessary -
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offer high protein snacks frequently = protein is restricted to reduce the accumulation of waste products
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dassociated with protein metabolism which causes the manifestations of uremia
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