Gould's Pathophysiology for Health
Professions 7th Ed Test Bank Ch. 1-28 |
Complete 2027 Guide
Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology
1. Which of the following would be the most likely cause of an iatrogenic
disease?
A) An inherited disorder
B) A combination of specific etiological factors
C) An unwanted effect of a prescribed drug
D) Prolonged exposure to toxic chemicals in the environment
Answer: C
Rationale: Iatrogenic diseases are caused by medical treatment or intervention.
An unwanted effect of a prescribed drug is a classic example of an iatrogenic
condition. Inherited disorders are genetic, combinations of factors are
multifactorial, and environmental exposures are not iatrogenic .
2. The manifestations of a disease are best defined as the:
A) Subjective feelings of discomfort during a chronic illness
B) Signs and symptoms of a disease
C) Factors that precipitate an acute episode of a chronic illness
D) Early indicators of the prodromal stage of infection
Answer: B
Rationale: Manifestations refer to the collective signs (objective findings) and
symptoms (subjective experiences) of a disease. This includes both what the
patient feels and what the clinician observes .
3. The best definition of the term prognosis is the:
A) Precipitating factors causing an acute episode
B) Number of remissions to be expected during the course of a chronic illness
,C) Predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific disease
D) Exacerbations occurring during chronic illness
Answer: C
Rationale: Prognosis is the forecast or prediction of the probable course and
outcome of a disease, including the chances of recovery. It is not a count of
remissions or a description of exacerbations .
4. Which of the following is considered a systemic sign of disease?
A) Swelling of the knee
B) Fever
C) Pain in the neck
D) Red rash on the face
Answer: B
Rationale: Systemic signs affect the entire body rather than a specific local area.
Fever is a systemic response involving the whole body. Swelling of the knee, neck
pain, and a facial rash are localized findings .
5. Etiology is defined as the study of the:
A) Causes of a disease
B) Course of a disease
C) Expected complications of a disease
D) Manifestations of a disease
Answer: A
Rationale: Etiology is the study of the causes or origins of disease. This can include
genetic, environmental, or a combination of factors .
6. A type of cellular adaptation in which there is a decrease in cell size is referred
to as:
A) Hypertrophy
B) Metaplasia
C) Anaplasia
D) Atrophy
,Answer: D
Rationale: Atrophy is a decrease in the size of cells, which can result in a reduction
in tissue mass .
7. A change in a tissue marked by cells that vary in size and shape and show
increased mitotic figures would be called:
A) Metaplasia
B) Atrophy
C) Dysplasia
D) Hypertrophy
Answer: C
Rationale: Dysplasia is characterized by abnormal cellular changes including
variation in cell size and shape (pleomorphism) and increased mitotic activity. It is
often a precursor to cancer .
8. A deficit of oxygen in the cells usually due to respiratory or circulatory
problems is called:
A) Apoptosis
B) Ischemia
C) Hypertrophy
D) Necrosis
Answer: B
Rationale: Ischemia is a deficiency of oxygenated blood to tissues, often due to
circulatory obstruction. This can result from respiratory or circulatory problems .
9. When a group of cells in the body dies, the change is called:
A) Ischemia
B) Gangrene
C) Hypoxia
D) Necrosis
Answer: D
Rationale: Necrosis is the death of cells or tissues within the living body. Ischemia
, is reduced blood flow, hypoxia is low oxygen, and gangrene is necrosis with
superinfection .
10. Rigorous weightlifting/body building regimens may result in the skeletal
muscle cells undergoing:
A) Hypertrophy
B) Dysplasia
C) Atrophy
D) Regeneration
Answer: A
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size, which occurs in skeletal muscle
in response to increased workload (exercise). This is a normal adaptive response .
11. The term cancer refers to:
A) Dysplasia
B) Hyperplasia
C) Metaplasia
D) Malignant neoplasm
Answer: D
Rationale: Cancer specifically refers to a malignant neoplasm, which invades
surrounding tissues and can metastasize. Dysplasia may be precancerous,
hyperplasia is increased cell number, and metaplasia is cell type conversion .
12. To which of the following does the term apoptosis refer?
A) Increased rate of mitosis by certain cells
B) Ischemic damage to cells
C) Liquefaction of necrotic tissue
D) Preprogrammed cell self-destruction
Answer: D
Rationale: Apoptosis is programmed cell death, a normal physiological process for
eliminating unwanted or old cells. It is distinct from necrosis, which is pathological
cell death .
Professions 7th Ed Test Bank Ch. 1-28 |
Complete 2027 Guide
Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology
1. Which of the following would be the most likely cause of an iatrogenic
disease?
A) An inherited disorder
B) A combination of specific etiological factors
C) An unwanted effect of a prescribed drug
D) Prolonged exposure to toxic chemicals in the environment
Answer: C
Rationale: Iatrogenic diseases are caused by medical treatment or intervention.
An unwanted effect of a prescribed drug is a classic example of an iatrogenic
condition. Inherited disorders are genetic, combinations of factors are
multifactorial, and environmental exposures are not iatrogenic .
2. The manifestations of a disease are best defined as the:
A) Subjective feelings of discomfort during a chronic illness
B) Signs and symptoms of a disease
C) Factors that precipitate an acute episode of a chronic illness
D) Early indicators of the prodromal stage of infection
Answer: B
Rationale: Manifestations refer to the collective signs (objective findings) and
symptoms (subjective experiences) of a disease. This includes both what the
patient feels and what the clinician observes .
3. The best definition of the term prognosis is the:
A) Precipitating factors causing an acute episode
B) Number of remissions to be expected during the course of a chronic illness
,C) Predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific disease
D) Exacerbations occurring during chronic illness
Answer: C
Rationale: Prognosis is the forecast or prediction of the probable course and
outcome of a disease, including the chances of recovery. It is not a count of
remissions or a description of exacerbations .
4. Which of the following is considered a systemic sign of disease?
A) Swelling of the knee
B) Fever
C) Pain in the neck
D) Red rash on the face
Answer: B
Rationale: Systemic signs affect the entire body rather than a specific local area.
Fever is a systemic response involving the whole body. Swelling of the knee, neck
pain, and a facial rash are localized findings .
5. Etiology is defined as the study of the:
A) Causes of a disease
B) Course of a disease
C) Expected complications of a disease
D) Manifestations of a disease
Answer: A
Rationale: Etiology is the study of the causes or origins of disease. This can include
genetic, environmental, or a combination of factors .
6. A type of cellular adaptation in which there is a decrease in cell size is referred
to as:
A) Hypertrophy
B) Metaplasia
C) Anaplasia
D) Atrophy
,Answer: D
Rationale: Atrophy is a decrease in the size of cells, which can result in a reduction
in tissue mass .
7. A change in a tissue marked by cells that vary in size and shape and show
increased mitotic figures would be called:
A) Metaplasia
B) Atrophy
C) Dysplasia
D) Hypertrophy
Answer: C
Rationale: Dysplasia is characterized by abnormal cellular changes including
variation in cell size and shape (pleomorphism) and increased mitotic activity. It is
often a precursor to cancer .
8. A deficit of oxygen in the cells usually due to respiratory or circulatory
problems is called:
A) Apoptosis
B) Ischemia
C) Hypertrophy
D) Necrosis
Answer: B
Rationale: Ischemia is a deficiency of oxygenated blood to tissues, often due to
circulatory obstruction. This can result from respiratory or circulatory problems .
9. When a group of cells in the body dies, the change is called:
A) Ischemia
B) Gangrene
C) Hypoxia
D) Necrosis
Answer: D
Rationale: Necrosis is the death of cells or tissues within the living body. Ischemia
, is reduced blood flow, hypoxia is low oxygen, and gangrene is necrosis with
superinfection .
10. Rigorous weightlifting/body building regimens may result in the skeletal
muscle cells undergoing:
A) Hypertrophy
B) Dysplasia
C) Atrophy
D) Regeneration
Answer: A
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size, which occurs in skeletal muscle
in response to increased workload (exercise). This is a normal adaptive response .
11. The term cancer refers to:
A) Dysplasia
B) Hyperplasia
C) Metaplasia
D) Malignant neoplasm
Answer: D
Rationale: Cancer specifically refers to a malignant neoplasm, which invades
surrounding tissues and can metastasize. Dysplasia may be precancerous,
hyperplasia is increased cell number, and metaplasia is cell type conversion .
12. To which of the following does the term apoptosis refer?
A) Increased rate of mitosis by certain cells
B) Ischemic damage to cells
C) Liquefaction of necrotic tissue
D) Preprogrammed cell self-destruction
Answer: D
Rationale: Apoptosis is programmed cell death, a normal physiological process for
eliminating unwanted or old cells. It is distinct from necrosis, which is pathological
cell death .
