Psych 3325 Exam 2 Questions with
Verified Solutions
self-concept - ANSWER-beliefs about oneself (a self-schema)
working self-concept - ANSWER-currently active beliefs about oneself
When does self-concept develop? - ANSWER-Around 18-24 months
Are humans the only species with sense of self? - ANSWER-No, great apes recognize
themselves if socialized.
Self-concept complexity - ANSWER-You can base your sense of self on few domains or
many
self-awareness theory - ANSWER-when people are more aware of themselves, their
discrepancies will be more apparent
The trick or treat study - Beaman (1979) - ANSWER-Kids told to take one candy apiece
with either a mirror or no mirror. Kids were more likely to take more than one piece with
no mirror there.
self-verification - ANSWER-people will sometimes seek for negative information if it
confirms their self-concept
self-enhancement - ANSWER-preserving and increasing self-esteem
downward social comparison - ANSWER-comparisons with someone worse than us on
a particular trait/ability.
Intelligence Pill Study - ANSWER-Participants take an extremely difficult IQ test and
then told there will be a second IQ test. They were offered a choice between either a
performance enhancing or performance inhibiting pill. Successful participants choose
the inhibiting pill.
self-handicapping - ANSWER-behaviors designed to sabotage one's own performance
in order to provide a subsequent excuse for failure
self-affirmation - ANSWER-When feeling threatened, affirm your self-worth on a
separate domain. Change focus to an unrelated topic.
, basking in reflected glory - ANSWER-Aligning yourself with successful others. Drawing
self-esteem from group membership
outgroup derogation - ANSWER-- threats to self-esteem lead people to derogate
outgroups, and favor ingroups.
- positive group identity increases self-esteem
Interpersonal self - ANSWER-other people influence our self-concept and how we
present ourselves
Ingratiation - ANSWER-Make people like you
Intimidation - ANSWER-Convince people that you can and will hurt them
Self-promotion - ANSWER-Convince people that you are competent
Exemplification - ANSWER-Convince people that you are a good, moral person
Supplication - ANSWER-Convince others that you are in need and deserve help
self-monitoring - ANSWER-An individual difference in impression management
high vs. low self-monitors - ANSWER-High SM: care a great deal about how they
appear to others; suave at cocktail party, trash talk at street BB game.
Low SM: less interested in how they appear to others; they are who they are regardless
of the momentary situation
cognitive dissonance - ANSWER-occurs when two cognitions are inconsistent with each
other
What is an example of cognitive dissonance? - ANSWER-Smoking is bad for me.
I smoke cigarettes.
dissonance reduction - ANSWER-We are motivated to reduce dissonance
What are ways to reduce dissonance? - ANSWER-Change a cognition, add a cognition
that resolves the conflict, or trivialize the conflict.
insufficient justification - ANSWER-We can behave in ways that are not in line with our
attitudes
Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) - ANSWER-- Participants did a boring task, then were
asked to tell next person it was fun for $1 or $20
- Results: $1 participants reported enjoying task more than $20 participants
Verified Solutions
self-concept - ANSWER-beliefs about oneself (a self-schema)
working self-concept - ANSWER-currently active beliefs about oneself
When does self-concept develop? - ANSWER-Around 18-24 months
Are humans the only species with sense of self? - ANSWER-No, great apes recognize
themselves if socialized.
Self-concept complexity - ANSWER-You can base your sense of self on few domains or
many
self-awareness theory - ANSWER-when people are more aware of themselves, their
discrepancies will be more apparent
The trick or treat study - Beaman (1979) - ANSWER-Kids told to take one candy apiece
with either a mirror or no mirror. Kids were more likely to take more than one piece with
no mirror there.
self-verification - ANSWER-people will sometimes seek for negative information if it
confirms their self-concept
self-enhancement - ANSWER-preserving and increasing self-esteem
downward social comparison - ANSWER-comparisons with someone worse than us on
a particular trait/ability.
Intelligence Pill Study - ANSWER-Participants take an extremely difficult IQ test and
then told there will be a second IQ test. They were offered a choice between either a
performance enhancing or performance inhibiting pill. Successful participants choose
the inhibiting pill.
self-handicapping - ANSWER-behaviors designed to sabotage one's own performance
in order to provide a subsequent excuse for failure
self-affirmation - ANSWER-When feeling threatened, affirm your self-worth on a
separate domain. Change focus to an unrelated topic.
, basking in reflected glory - ANSWER-Aligning yourself with successful others. Drawing
self-esteem from group membership
outgroup derogation - ANSWER-- threats to self-esteem lead people to derogate
outgroups, and favor ingroups.
- positive group identity increases self-esteem
Interpersonal self - ANSWER-other people influence our self-concept and how we
present ourselves
Ingratiation - ANSWER-Make people like you
Intimidation - ANSWER-Convince people that you can and will hurt them
Self-promotion - ANSWER-Convince people that you are competent
Exemplification - ANSWER-Convince people that you are a good, moral person
Supplication - ANSWER-Convince others that you are in need and deserve help
self-monitoring - ANSWER-An individual difference in impression management
high vs. low self-monitors - ANSWER-High SM: care a great deal about how they
appear to others; suave at cocktail party, trash talk at street BB game.
Low SM: less interested in how they appear to others; they are who they are regardless
of the momentary situation
cognitive dissonance - ANSWER-occurs when two cognitions are inconsistent with each
other
What is an example of cognitive dissonance? - ANSWER-Smoking is bad for me.
I smoke cigarettes.
dissonance reduction - ANSWER-We are motivated to reduce dissonance
What are ways to reduce dissonance? - ANSWER-Change a cognition, add a cognition
that resolves the conflict, or trivialize the conflict.
insufficient justification - ANSWER-We can behave in ways that are not in line with our
attitudes
Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) - ANSWER-- Participants did a boring task, then were
asked to tell next person it was fun for $1 or $20
- Results: $1 participants reported enjoying task more than $20 participants
