PSYCH 3325 Exam 1 Study Guide
Latest Updated
categorization processes - ANSWER-Many things are ambiguous, and our perception,
interpretation, and memory
Social Cognition/Social Psychology - ANSWER-Perception of ambiguous events is
influenced by context
Ambiguity - ANSWER-ex. "Bat" vs "bat"
Perception is Affected by Expectations - ANSWER-Ex. red ball in a picture can be
perceived differently in picture of apple trees vs crochet
Perception is Affected by Needs/Wishes - ANSWER-Needs: thirst, hunger
Wishes: anything else
Naive Realism - ANSWER-We often perceive and interpret ambiguous stimuli as
unambiguous—we confuse our disambiguation with reality
Schemas - ANSWER-Mental frameworks that bundle knowledge together in an
organized way
Schema Drawbacks - ANSWER-1. Bias interpretation of evidence
2. Bias memory "should have happened vs what actually did"
3. Persist even after being discredited
Accessibility - ANSWER-degree to which a concept is "active" in one's mind/memory
Ease of which something comes to mind
Priming - ANSWER-when recent experience with an object increases accessibility of the
relevant concept
Recency - ANSWER-Ex. just went to class, professors and classmates on your mind
Frequency - ANSWER-Ex. more frequently you show up to classes, more on your mind
Valence - ANSWER-Positive valence corresponds to the "goodness" or attractiveness
of an object, event, or situation, making it appealing or desirable.
Negative is opposite
ABCs - ANSWER-AFFECT
BEHAVIOR
, COGNITION
Confirmation Bias - ANSWER-The tendency to interpret or remember (ambigious)
evidence as supporting one's beliefs
Biased Hypothesis Testing - ANSWER-Asking questions that support our hypothesis
Perseverance effect - ANSWER-Beliefs tend to persist even after they are discredited
Self-beliefs are a type of schema
False memories - ANSWER-Language used in eyewitness testimony alters memory
Memory is active and reconstructed
Reconstructive memory - ANSWER-To reconstruct the past, we consult a schema
about relationship between past & present
Memory of self - ANSWER-memory of our own traits / abilities influenced by a schema
Self-fulfilling prophesies - ANSWER-When our behavior causes another to act in
accordance with our expectations about that person
Confirmation bias - ANSWER-Seeing ambiguous evidence as confirmatory
Affect - ANSWER-Familiarity effects.
Behavior - ANSWER-Self-fulfilling prophecies.
Beliefs about oneself or others influence behavior.
Cognition - ANSWER-Gut vs. careful deliberation
Social Psychology - ANSWER-Investigates how we influence and are influenced by
others
Social psychology is the science of subjective experience
Ambiguity - ANSWER-The ability of something to have multiple interpretations.
Objective - ANSWER-Observable by a third party.
Repeatable - ANSWER-Procedures must be recorded and replicable
Verifiable - ANSWER-Results must confirm correctness
Falsifiable - ANSWER-Results must allow for potential disproof
HOMER - ANSWER-H: Hypothesize.
O: Operationalize.
Latest Updated
categorization processes - ANSWER-Many things are ambiguous, and our perception,
interpretation, and memory
Social Cognition/Social Psychology - ANSWER-Perception of ambiguous events is
influenced by context
Ambiguity - ANSWER-ex. "Bat" vs "bat"
Perception is Affected by Expectations - ANSWER-Ex. red ball in a picture can be
perceived differently in picture of apple trees vs crochet
Perception is Affected by Needs/Wishes - ANSWER-Needs: thirst, hunger
Wishes: anything else
Naive Realism - ANSWER-We often perceive and interpret ambiguous stimuli as
unambiguous—we confuse our disambiguation with reality
Schemas - ANSWER-Mental frameworks that bundle knowledge together in an
organized way
Schema Drawbacks - ANSWER-1. Bias interpretation of evidence
2. Bias memory "should have happened vs what actually did"
3. Persist even after being discredited
Accessibility - ANSWER-degree to which a concept is "active" in one's mind/memory
Ease of which something comes to mind
Priming - ANSWER-when recent experience with an object increases accessibility of the
relevant concept
Recency - ANSWER-Ex. just went to class, professors and classmates on your mind
Frequency - ANSWER-Ex. more frequently you show up to classes, more on your mind
Valence - ANSWER-Positive valence corresponds to the "goodness" or attractiveness
of an object, event, or situation, making it appealing or desirable.
Negative is opposite
ABCs - ANSWER-AFFECT
BEHAVIOR
, COGNITION
Confirmation Bias - ANSWER-The tendency to interpret or remember (ambigious)
evidence as supporting one's beliefs
Biased Hypothesis Testing - ANSWER-Asking questions that support our hypothesis
Perseverance effect - ANSWER-Beliefs tend to persist even after they are discredited
Self-beliefs are a type of schema
False memories - ANSWER-Language used in eyewitness testimony alters memory
Memory is active and reconstructed
Reconstructive memory - ANSWER-To reconstruct the past, we consult a schema
about relationship between past & present
Memory of self - ANSWER-memory of our own traits / abilities influenced by a schema
Self-fulfilling prophesies - ANSWER-When our behavior causes another to act in
accordance with our expectations about that person
Confirmation bias - ANSWER-Seeing ambiguous evidence as confirmatory
Affect - ANSWER-Familiarity effects.
Behavior - ANSWER-Self-fulfilling prophecies.
Beliefs about oneself or others influence behavior.
Cognition - ANSWER-Gut vs. careful deliberation
Social Psychology - ANSWER-Investigates how we influence and are influenced by
others
Social psychology is the science of subjective experience
Ambiguity - ANSWER-The ability of something to have multiple interpretations.
Objective - ANSWER-Observable by a third party.
Repeatable - ANSWER-Procedures must be recorded and replicable
Verifiable - ANSWER-Results must confirm correctness
Falsifiable - ANSWER-Results must allow for potential disproof
HOMER - ANSWER-H: Hypothesize.
O: Operationalize.
