OSU Psych 3325 Exam 1 Questions
and Answers
Experimentation - ANS-Cornerstone of social psych
Theory - ANS-Integrated set of principles that explain events and predict observed
events
Hypothesis - ANS-One tested prediction about the conditions under which an event will
occur
Operationalization: Conceptual definition vs Operational definition - ANS-Conceptual:
General, abstract def. of variable (dictionary)
Operational: Specific description of a variable that allows it to be measured and/or
manipulated
3 types of measuring descriptive research - ANS-Observational, archival, surveys
Observational studies - ANS-watching behavior in real life situations
Archival studies - ANS-Existing data to test hypothesis
Surveys - ANS-Random sampling (selection) - everyone in population have equal
chance of being selected
Correlational Research - ANS-Examine extent to which 2 variables are associated (but
not causation)
Experimental Research - ANS-Manipulate 1 or more variables, while controlling others,
to test cause and effect
Requirements for experimental research - ANS-1. Manipulate independent variable
2. Random Assignment of participants to conditions
Pro and Con of Experimental Research - ANS-Pro: Can make statements about
cause/effect
Con: Some important variables can't be studied (unethical or unfeasible)
Internal Validity - ANS-Degree to which the IV caused the DV
-third variable will lower internal validity
External Validity - ANS-Degree to which the results of the study can be generalized
, Scientific Method Steps - ANS-1. Hypothesis
2. Operationalization
3. Measure
4. Evaluate
5. Revise/Replicate
Three components of the self - ANS-1. Self-concept & self-knowledge (how to describe
self)
2. Self-esteem
3. Self-behaviors (enhance self)
Individual Self - ANS-beliefs about your unique traits, abilities, etc.
Relationship self - ANS-beliefs about yourself in specific relationships
Collective self - ANS-Beliefs about yourself in larger social groups
Six Origins of Self-Knowledge - ANS-1. Family & Socialization
2. Introspection
3. Perceptions of behavior
4. Influences of others
5. Autobiographical memory
6. Culture
Then read article about a man named Donald who did crazy things outdoors
-Adventurous: positive review
-Reckless: Negative review
Polite Study - ANS-Bargh, Chen, Burrows
Group 1: Primed with polite words
Group 2: Neutral words (car, etc.)
Group 3: Primed w/ rude words
Researchers back is turned to talk to someone else, measured how long it took until the
participant would interrupt the conversation. Over 60% of rude words interrupted sooner
Elderly Study - ANS-Bargh, Chen, & Burrows
Participants performed a scrambled sentence tasks w/ words relating to the elderly or
control position
Then have to walk down the hall to the next part of the participant
Those primed with elderly stereotype walked more slowly
Heuristics - ANS-Linda is 31, single, outspoken, & bright
and Answers
Experimentation - ANS-Cornerstone of social psych
Theory - ANS-Integrated set of principles that explain events and predict observed
events
Hypothesis - ANS-One tested prediction about the conditions under which an event will
occur
Operationalization: Conceptual definition vs Operational definition - ANS-Conceptual:
General, abstract def. of variable (dictionary)
Operational: Specific description of a variable that allows it to be measured and/or
manipulated
3 types of measuring descriptive research - ANS-Observational, archival, surveys
Observational studies - ANS-watching behavior in real life situations
Archival studies - ANS-Existing data to test hypothesis
Surveys - ANS-Random sampling (selection) - everyone in population have equal
chance of being selected
Correlational Research - ANS-Examine extent to which 2 variables are associated (but
not causation)
Experimental Research - ANS-Manipulate 1 or more variables, while controlling others,
to test cause and effect
Requirements for experimental research - ANS-1. Manipulate independent variable
2. Random Assignment of participants to conditions
Pro and Con of Experimental Research - ANS-Pro: Can make statements about
cause/effect
Con: Some important variables can't be studied (unethical or unfeasible)
Internal Validity - ANS-Degree to which the IV caused the DV
-third variable will lower internal validity
External Validity - ANS-Degree to which the results of the study can be generalized
, Scientific Method Steps - ANS-1. Hypothesis
2. Operationalization
3. Measure
4. Evaluate
5. Revise/Replicate
Three components of the self - ANS-1. Self-concept & self-knowledge (how to describe
self)
2. Self-esteem
3. Self-behaviors (enhance self)
Individual Self - ANS-beliefs about your unique traits, abilities, etc.
Relationship self - ANS-beliefs about yourself in specific relationships
Collective self - ANS-Beliefs about yourself in larger social groups
Six Origins of Self-Knowledge - ANS-1. Family & Socialization
2. Introspection
3. Perceptions of behavior
4. Influences of others
5. Autobiographical memory
6. Culture
Then read article about a man named Donald who did crazy things outdoors
-Adventurous: positive review
-Reckless: Negative review
Polite Study - ANS-Bargh, Chen, Burrows
Group 1: Primed with polite words
Group 2: Neutral words (car, etc.)
Group 3: Primed w/ rude words
Researchers back is turned to talk to someone else, measured how long it took until the
participant would interrupt the conversation. Over 60% of rude words interrupted sooner
Elderly Study - ANS-Bargh, Chen, & Burrows
Participants performed a scrambled sentence tasks w/ words relating to the elderly or
control position
Then have to walk down the hall to the next part of the participant
Those primed with elderly stereotype walked more slowly
Heuristics - ANS-Linda is 31, single, outspoken, & bright
