RESPIRATION BIO E109 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Question:
Respiration
Answer:
Gas exchange between the atmosphere and cells. Exchanging oxygen and carbon
dioxide
Question:
Upper Airway
Answer:
Nasopharynx: Upper section of the pharynx that connects with the nasal cavity about
the soft palate Oropharynx: Section of the pharynx at the back of the throat, from soft
palate to the U-shaped hyoid bone near base of tongue Laryngopharyx Larynx (voice
box): Upper airway ends and lower airway begins Epiglottis: Covers larynx during
swallowing then lifts open to allow for air passage during breathing
Question:
Lower Airway
Answer:
Trachea: Windpipe; main trunk for air passing to and from the lungs Bronchus: Split at
carina into right and left, each enter a lung and branch into smaller airways
Bronchiole: Subdivision of the smaller bronchi in the lungs; made of smooth muscle
and dilate or constrict in response to different stimuli. End in tiny air sacs called alveoli
Alveolus: Air sacs of the lungs where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take
place. Functional units of respiratory system walls contain network of tiny blood
vessels (pulmonary capillaries) that carry carbon dioxide from body to lungs and
oxygen from lungs to body
Question:
Bronchi
Answer:
Semi-rigid tubes with cartilage reinforcement and connect the trachea to the lungs
Question:
Bronchioles
Answer:
Subdivision of the smaller bronchi in the lungs; made of smooth muscle and dilate or
constrict in response to different stimuli. End in tiny air sacs called alveoli. They can
change diameter
, Question:
Skeletal muscles in respiration
Answer:
Cause ventilation, not completely under conscious (voluntary) control Changes the
volume of the chest cavity
Question:
Alveolus
Answer:
Air sacs of the lungs where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place.
Functional units of respiratory system walls contain network of tiny blood vessels
(pulmonary capillaries) that carry carbon dioxide from body to lungs and oxygen from
lungs to body
Question:
Pleura
Answer:
Two thin layers of tissue that surround each lung and line the inside of the chest
cavity. Help reduce friction as lungs expand and contract during breathing
Question:
Pleural Space
Answer:
Space between the two pleural layers. It contains a small amount of pleural fluid that
allows for smooth gliding of tissues. It is a potential space because under normal
conditions there is no space between layers
Question:
Intrapleural Pressure
Answer:
Pressure in the pleural cavity
Question:
Muscles involved in breathing
Answer:
Diaphragm Neck (cervical) muscles Intercostal muscles Abdominal muscles Pectoral
muscles
Question:
Inhalation
Answer:
Active, muscular part of breathing Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract
Diaphragm moves down slightly makes thoracic cage bigger Intercostal muscles move
ribs up and out Combining movement from diaphragm and intercostal muscles the
chest cavity gets bigger, pressure in chest cavity falls and air rushes into lungs Volume
increases in chest, pressure in the lungs decreases Volume goes up ’ pressure goes down
’ air comes in When volume increases, pressure decreases Alveolar pressure < outside
pressure
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Question:
Respiration
Answer:
Gas exchange between the atmosphere and cells. Exchanging oxygen and carbon
dioxide
Question:
Upper Airway
Answer:
Nasopharynx: Upper section of the pharynx that connects with the nasal cavity about
the soft palate Oropharynx: Section of the pharynx at the back of the throat, from soft
palate to the U-shaped hyoid bone near base of tongue Laryngopharyx Larynx (voice
box): Upper airway ends and lower airway begins Epiglottis: Covers larynx during
swallowing then lifts open to allow for air passage during breathing
Question:
Lower Airway
Answer:
Trachea: Windpipe; main trunk for air passing to and from the lungs Bronchus: Split at
carina into right and left, each enter a lung and branch into smaller airways
Bronchiole: Subdivision of the smaller bronchi in the lungs; made of smooth muscle
and dilate or constrict in response to different stimuli. End in tiny air sacs called alveoli
Alveolus: Air sacs of the lungs where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take
place. Functional units of respiratory system walls contain network of tiny blood
vessels (pulmonary capillaries) that carry carbon dioxide from body to lungs and
oxygen from lungs to body
Question:
Bronchi
Answer:
Semi-rigid tubes with cartilage reinforcement and connect the trachea to the lungs
Question:
Bronchioles
Answer:
Subdivision of the smaller bronchi in the lungs; made of smooth muscle and dilate or
constrict in response to different stimuli. End in tiny air sacs called alveoli. They can
change diameter
, Question:
Skeletal muscles in respiration
Answer:
Cause ventilation, not completely under conscious (voluntary) control Changes the
volume of the chest cavity
Question:
Alveolus
Answer:
Air sacs of the lungs where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place.
Functional units of respiratory system walls contain network of tiny blood vessels
(pulmonary capillaries) that carry carbon dioxide from body to lungs and oxygen from
lungs to body
Question:
Pleura
Answer:
Two thin layers of tissue that surround each lung and line the inside of the chest
cavity. Help reduce friction as lungs expand and contract during breathing
Question:
Pleural Space
Answer:
Space between the two pleural layers. It contains a small amount of pleural fluid that
allows for smooth gliding of tissues. It is a potential space because under normal
conditions there is no space between layers
Question:
Intrapleural Pressure
Answer:
Pressure in the pleural cavity
Question:
Muscles involved in breathing
Answer:
Diaphragm Neck (cervical) muscles Intercostal muscles Abdominal muscles Pectoral
muscles
Question:
Inhalation
Answer:
Active, muscular part of breathing Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract
Diaphragm moves down slightly makes thoracic cage bigger Intercostal muscles move
ribs up and out Combining movement from diaphragm and intercostal muscles the
chest cavity gets bigger, pressure in chest cavity falls and air rushes into lungs Volume
increases in chest, pressure in the lungs decreases Volume goes up ’ pressure goes down
’ air comes in When volume increases, pressure decreases Alveolar pressure < outside
pressure
