REPRODUCTION PATHO AND HCD BLUEPRINT EXAM
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Question:
Presumptive signs of Pregnancy
Answer:
· Amenorrhea, Fatigue/Drowsiness, N/V, Breast tenderness, urinary frequency,
darkening pigmentation on face, breasts, and abdomen, quickening (feeling movement
@ 16-20 wk)
Question:
Probable signs of pregnancy
Answer:
· Uterine enlargement · Hegar Sign (lower uterine segment softens) · Goodell sign
(cervix softens) · Chadwick sign (vagina turns purplish) · Preparatory contractions
(Braxton Hicks)
Question:
POSITIVE signs of pregnancy
Answer:
· Fetal Heartbeat, Fetal outline & Movement felt by Provider, Ultrasound visualization
Question:
GTPAL
Answer:
§ Gravidity: number of times woman has been pregnant including this pregnancy.
Multiples only count as 1. § Term Births: 37 and up weeks § Preterm Birth: 20-37 weeks
§ Abortions (or miscarriages): Before 20 weeks § Live Children: number of living
children
Question:
Types of Twins
Answer:
- Dizygotic (fraternal) twins
- Monozygotic (identical) twins
Question:
Amnion
Answer:
· develops into the bag of water. Maintain fetal temperature and cushion from injury. o
500 to 1000 ml of clear yellow fluid with earthy odor at term o <500 ml -
oligohydramnios o >2000 ml - hydramnios or Polyhydramnios
, Question:
Chorion
Answer:
outer membrane that gives rise to the placenta. Formed by union of chronic villi and
the decidua basalis. Develops a rich supply of blood vessels and forms association with
the endometrium
Question:
Placenta
Answer:
· Permits exchange across two closed vascular systems. o Transfer nutrients from
maternal blood stream o Transfer oxygen to mother by diffusion o Removes waste
products into the mother's blood stream for excretion o Provides a barrier to some, not
all harmful substances o Produces hormones of pregnancy
Question:
umbilical cord
Answer:
· connects placenta and fetus. About 20 inches long and 2/4 inch diameter o 2 ARTERIES
(deoxygenated blood from fetus to placenta) o 1 VEIN (oxygenated blood from placenta
to fetus) o Wharton Jelly - constricts in cold temperature after fetus is born
Question:
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
Answer:
Secreted by trophoblast early in pregnancy · Stimulates progesterone and estrogen
production - thought to cause N/V and morning sickness
Question:
Estrogen and Progesterone
Answer:
§ produced by corpus luteum for first seven weeks then by placenta · Estrogen:
stimulates uterine development to support fetal growth and stimulates ductal system of
breasts for lactation · Progesterone: maintains endometrium, decreases uterine
contractility, stimulates development of breast acini and lobules, and causes relaxation
of smooth muscle
Question:
human placental lactogen (hPL)
Answer:
promotes lipolysis, increases circulating fatty acids for energy
Question:
Relaxin
Answer:
decreases uterine contractility and contributes to softening of cervix. Relaxes
muscles/ligaments to make room for the baby
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Question:
Presumptive signs of Pregnancy
Answer:
· Amenorrhea, Fatigue/Drowsiness, N/V, Breast tenderness, urinary frequency,
darkening pigmentation on face, breasts, and abdomen, quickening (feeling movement
@ 16-20 wk)
Question:
Probable signs of pregnancy
Answer:
· Uterine enlargement · Hegar Sign (lower uterine segment softens) · Goodell sign
(cervix softens) · Chadwick sign (vagina turns purplish) · Preparatory contractions
(Braxton Hicks)
Question:
POSITIVE signs of pregnancy
Answer:
· Fetal Heartbeat, Fetal outline & Movement felt by Provider, Ultrasound visualization
Question:
GTPAL
Answer:
§ Gravidity: number of times woman has been pregnant including this pregnancy.
Multiples only count as 1. § Term Births: 37 and up weeks § Preterm Birth: 20-37 weeks
§ Abortions (or miscarriages): Before 20 weeks § Live Children: number of living
children
Question:
Types of Twins
Answer:
- Dizygotic (fraternal) twins
- Monozygotic (identical) twins
Question:
Amnion
Answer:
· develops into the bag of water. Maintain fetal temperature and cushion from injury. o
500 to 1000 ml of clear yellow fluid with earthy odor at term o <500 ml -
oligohydramnios o >2000 ml - hydramnios or Polyhydramnios
, Question:
Chorion
Answer:
outer membrane that gives rise to the placenta. Formed by union of chronic villi and
the decidua basalis. Develops a rich supply of blood vessels and forms association with
the endometrium
Question:
Placenta
Answer:
· Permits exchange across two closed vascular systems. o Transfer nutrients from
maternal blood stream o Transfer oxygen to mother by diffusion o Removes waste
products into the mother's blood stream for excretion o Provides a barrier to some, not
all harmful substances o Produces hormones of pregnancy
Question:
umbilical cord
Answer:
· connects placenta and fetus. About 20 inches long and 2/4 inch diameter o 2 ARTERIES
(deoxygenated blood from fetus to placenta) o 1 VEIN (oxygenated blood from placenta
to fetus) o Wharton Jelly - constricts in cold temperature after fetus is born
Question:
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
Answer:
Secreted by trophoblast early in pregnancy · Stimulates progesterone and estrogen
production - thought to cause N/V and morning sickness
Question:
Estrogen and Progesterone
Answer:
§ produced by corpus luteum for first seven weeks then by placenta · Estrogen:
stimulates uterine development to support fetal growth and stimulates ductal system of
breasts for lactation · Progesterone: maintains endometrium, decreases uterine
contractility, stimulates development of breast acini and lobules, and causes relaxation
of smooth muscle
Question:
human placental lactogen (hPL)
Answer:
promotes lipolysis, increases circulating fatty acids for energy
Question:
Relaxin
Answer:
decreases uterine contractility and contributes to softening of cervix. Relaxes
muscles/ligaments to make room for the baby
