Renal And Urologic Pathology Exam Updated Actual Questions And Correct Answers

RENAL AND UROLOGIC PATHOLOGY EXAM UPDATED
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

Question:
the kidneys and ureters
Answer:
what makes up the upper urinary tract?

Question:
the bladder and urethra
Answer:
what makes up the lower urinary tract?

Question:
filter waste products and remove excess fluid from the blood
Answer:
what is the kidneys' main function?

Question:
endocrine; mineral and water balance
Answer:
the kidneys serve as both an _________ organ and a target of the endocrine action, with
the aim of controlling _____________

Question:
the kidneys are constantly exposed to carcinogens due to it filtration and storage
functions
Answer:
why is there increased risk from urinary tract problems opposed to other systems?

Question:
they have a shorter urethra
Answer:
why are women more prone to UTIs?

Question:
throughout the body
Answer:
UTIs lead to increased risk of infection _____________

,Question:
- increased urinary frequency, urgency, or incontinence
- pain (shoulder, back, flank, pelvis, lower abdomen)
- fever and chills, hyperesthesia of dermatomes
- hematuria (blood in urine), pyruria (pus in urine), dyspareunia (pain after
intercourse), nocturia (frequent night urination)
- onset confusion or delirium inn elderly
- enuresis in children (involuntary urination)
Answer:
what are the most common signs and symptoms of urinary tract problems?

Question:
the kidneys are less efficient at removing waste from the blood and the volume of urine
increases
Answer:
in aging, there is a reduction of blood flow to the kidneys, and a reduction in nephrons.
what does this cause in older adults?

Question:
sodium regulation is less efficient, leading to mild hypoatremia
Answer:
in aging, there are changes within the kidneys that lead to altered fluid and acid-base
regulation. what does this cause in older adults?

Question:
incotinence
Answer:
in aging, pelvic floor dysfunction is common. what does this lead to in older adults?

Question:
- reduction of nephrons, bladder capacity, and blood flow to kidneys
- altered fluid and acid-base reactions
- hypertension interacts with kidney changes
- pelvic floor dysfunction
Answer:
what are the changes in the renal system that result from aging?

Question:
anywhere in the urinary tract
Answer:
where can urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur?

Question:
pyelonephritis
Answer:
UTI resulting from inflammation of the kidney

, Question:
cystitis
Answer:
UTI resulting from inflammation of the bladder

Question:
urethritis
Answer:
UTI resulting from inflammation of the urethra

Question:
uncomplicated UTI
Answer:
UTI that is limited to the bladder (cystitis) and treated easily with short-course
antibiotics

Question:
complicated UTI
Answer:
UTI that extends beyond the bladder and involves higher risks and a longer treatment

Question:
relapsed UTI
Answer:
UTI that persist with the original organism without completely clearing

Question:
recurrence UTI
Answer:
UTI caused by a different infection after a previous UTI

Question:
self-limiting
Answer:
UTIs are frequent occurrences and are usually ____________

Question:
the elderly, women, and pregnant women
Answer:
what groups of people are most likely to get UTIs?

Question:
infection; hospitalization
Answer:
in nursing homes, UTI is the 2nd most common ________, and the most common cause of
___________