Bicarbonate Buffer
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- the most important in extracellular fluid
- the 2 components are HCO3- (weak base) and H2CO3 (weak acid)
- if there is too MUCH acid: bicarb ions take up released H+ and become
carbonic acid... excretes through respiratory system
- if there is too LITTLE acid: bicarb system releases H+ - bicarb buffer = 1st
line of defense
What are some pulmonary etiologies for respiratory acidosis?
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, - COPD pulmonary edema
- pneumonia
- airway obstruction (laryngospasm, bronchospasm, aspiration)
- underventilation by mechanical ventilation
- hypoventilation
(obesity, postoperative pain, abdominal distention, use of abdominal
binders)
What are some non-pulmonary etiologies for respiratory acidosis?
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- overdosage of anesthetic, sedatives, narcotics
- neuromuscular disorders (Guillain Barre, Myasthenia Gravis, Advanced
MS)
- severe spinal deformities
- CNS depression
- cardiopulmonary arrest
What are some etiologies for metabolic alkalosis?
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- relative deficit of any acid except carbonic or an increase in base or
combination
- either decreased metabolic acid or increased base (bicarbonate)
What is pH?
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- the most important in extracellular fluid
- the 2 components are HCO3- (weak base) and H2CO3 (weak acid)
- if there is too MUCH acid: bicarb ions take up released H+ and become
carbonic acid... excretes through respiratory system
- if there is too LITTLE acid: bicarb system releases H+ - bicarb buffer = 1st
line of defense
What are some pulmonary etiologies for respiratory acidosis?
Give this one a try later!
, - COPD pulmonary edema
- pneumonia
- airway obstruction (laryngospasm, bronchospasm, aspiration)
- underventilation by mechanical ventilation
- hypoventilation
(obesity, postoperative pain, abdominal distention, use of abdominal
binders)
What are some non-pulmonary etiologies for respiratory acidosis?
Give this one a try later!
- overdosage of anesthetic, sedatives, narcotics
- neuromuscular disorders (Guillain Barre, Myasthenia Gravis, Advanced
MS)
- severe spinal deformities
- CNS depression
- cardiopulmonary arrest
What are some etiologies for metabolic alkalosis?
Give this one a try later!
- relative deficit of any acid except carbonic or an increase in base or
combination
- either decreased metabolic acid or increased base (bicarbonate)
What is pH?
Give this one a try later!
