WGU D684- Introduction to Computer
Science Exam UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Analog data - CORRECT ANSWER data represented in a continuous and variable form
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) - CORRECT ANSWER a
standard encoding system for text characters that uses numeric values to represent letters, numbers,
and symbols
Bandwidth - CORRECT ANSWER the maximum rate of data transfer across a network or
communication channel, usually measured in bits per second
Binary - CORRECT ANSWER a numerical system that uses only two digits, zero and one, to
represent data in computing
Boolean expression - CORRECT ANSWER a logical statement that can only be true or false
and uses operators like AND, OR, and NOT
Character - CORRECT ANSWER a single letter, digit, or symbol used in writing text
Character set - CORRECT ANSWER a collection of characters that a computer can recognize
and process, like ASCII or Unicode
Compression ratio - CORRECT ANSWER the ratio of the original data size to the compressed
data size, indicating how much the data has been reduced
Control structure - CORRECT ANSWER constructs in programming that control the flow of
execution, such as loops and conditional statements
Data - CORRECT ANSWER raw facts and figures that can be processed to produce
meaningful information
,Data compression - CORRECT ANSWER the process of reducing the size of data to save
space or transmission time
Data types - CORRECT ANSWER categories of data that define what kind of value can be
stored, like integers, floats, and strings, and how it can be used
Declaration - CORRECT ANSWER a statement in programming that specifies the name and
type of a variable or function without assigning a value
Digital data - CORRECT ANSWER data represented using discrete binary values (zeroes and
ones)
Floating point - CORRECT ANSWER a way to represent real numbers that can have fractional
parts using a format that includes a base and an exponent
Huffman encoding - CORRECT ANSWER a compression technique that uses variable-length
codes for data representation based on frequency of occurrence
Information - CORRECT ANSWER data that have been processed or organized in a
meaningful way to be useful
Integer - CORRECT ANSWER a whole number
Keyword encoding - CORRECT ANSWER a method of data compression that replaces
frequently occurring patterns with shorter codes
Lossless - CORRECT ANSWER a type of data compression where no information is lost and
the original data can be perfectly reconstructed
Lossy - CORRECT ANSWER a type of data compression that reduces file size by permanently
eliminating some information, which may affect quality
,Numeric - CORRECT ANSWER any value that is a number
Overflow - CORRECT ANSWER a condition in which a calculation exceeds the maximum
value that can be represented within a given number of bits
Pulse-code modulation (PCM) - CORRECT ANSWER a method used to digitally represent
analog signals
Radix point - CORRECT ANSWER the decimal point in a number system that indicates the
separation between integer and fractional parts
Real - CORRECT ANSWER a data type representing numbers that can have fractional parts,
often called floating-point numbers
Reclocking - CORRECT ANSWER the process of refreshing the timing signals in digital data
to ensure accuracy and synchronization
Run-length encoding - CORRECT ANSWER a simple compression technique that replaces
sequences of repeated characters with a single character and a count
Scientific notation - CORRECT ANSWER a method of representing very large or very small
numbers by using powers of 10
Signed-magnitude representation - CORRECT ANSWER a way of encoding positive and
negative numbers where one bit represents the sign and the remaining bits represent the magnitude
String - CORRECT ANSWER a sequence of characters treated as a single data element and
used for text manipulation
Strong typing - CORRECT ANSWER a feature in programming languages where each variable
is explicitly declared to be of a specific type, reducing errors
, Ten's complement - CORRECT ANSWER a mathematical method for representing negative
numbers in a decimal system
Unicode - CORRECT ANSWER a universal character set that includes characters from
virtually all writing systems, allowing for consistent encoding and representation of text globally
Alphanumeric values - CORRECT ANSWER characters that include both letters (A-Z) and
numbers (0-9)
Assignment operator - CORRECT ANSWER a symbol used to assign a value to a variable,
typically =
Assignment statement - CORRECT ANSWER a line of code that assigns a value to a variable,
like x = 5
Binary operator - CORRECT ANSWER an operator that takes two operands, such as +, -, *,
and /
Camel casing - CORRECT ANSWER a naming convention where the first letter is lowercase
and each subsequent word starts with an uppercase letter, like myvariablename
Garbage - CORRECT ANSWER unused or leftover data in memory that the program no longer
needs or references
Hungarian notation - CORRECT ANSWER a naming convention where the name of a variable
starts with a prefix indicating its type, like strname for a string variable
Identifier - CORRECT ANSWER a name given to a variable, function, or other item in code to
identify it
Initializing a variable - CORRECT ANSWER assigning an initial value to a variable when it is
declared, like int x = 10
Science Exam UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Analog data - CORRECT ANSWER data represented in a continuous and variable form
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) - CORRECT ANSWER a
standard encoding system for text characters that uses numeric values to represent letters, numbers,
and symbols
Bandwidth - CORRECT ANSWER the maximum rate of data transfer across a network or
communication channel, usually measured in bits per second
Binary - CORRECT ANSWER a numerical system that uses only two digits, zero and one, to
represent data in computing
Boolean expression - CORRECT ANSWER a logical statement that can only be true or false
and uses operators like AND, OR, and NOT
Character - CORRECT ANSWER a single letter, digit, or symbol used in writing text
Character set - CORRECT ANSWER a collection of characters that a computer can recognize
and process, like ASCII or Unicode
Compression ratio - CORRECT ANSWER the ratio of the original data size to the compressed
data size, indicating how much the data has been reduced
Control structure - CORRECT ANSWER constructs in programming that control the flow of
execution, such as loops and conditional statements
Data - CORRECT ANSWER raw facts and figures that can be processed to produce
meaningful information
,Data compression - CORRECT ANSWER the process of reducing the size of data to save
space or transmission time
Data types - CORRECT ANSWER categories of data that define what kind of value can be
stored, like integers, floats, and strings, and how it can be used
Declaration - CORRECT ANSWER a statement in programming that specifies the name and
type of a variable or function without assigning a value
Digital data - CORRECT ANSWER data represented using discrete binary values (zeroes and
ones)
Floating point - CORRECT ANSWER a way to represent real numbers that can have fractional
parts using a format that includes a base and an exponent
Huffman encoding - CORRECT ANSWER a compression technique that uses variable-length
codes for data representation based on frequency of occurrence
Information - CORRECT ANSWER data that have been processed or organized in a
meaningful way to be useful
Integer - CORRECT ANSWER a whole number
Keyword encoding - CORRECT ANSWER a method of data compression that replaces
frequently occurring patterns with shorter codes
Lossless - CORRECT ANSWER a type of data compression where no information is lost and
the original data can be perfectly reconstructed
Lossy - CORRECT ANSWER a type of data compression that reduces file size by permanently
eliminating some information, which may affect quality
,Numeric - CORRECT ANSWER any value that is a number
Overflow - CORRECT ANSWER a condition in which a calculation exceeds the maximum
value that can be represented within a given number of bits
Pulse-code modulation (PCM) - CORRECT ANSWER a method used to digitally represent
analog signals
Radix point - CORRECT ANSWER the decimal point in a number system that indicates the
separation between integer and fractional parts
Real - CORRECT ANSWER a data type representing numbers that can have fractional parts,
often called floating-point numbers
Reclocking - CORRECT ANSWER the process of refreshing the timing signals in digital data
to ensure accuracy and synchronization
Run-length encoding - CORRECT ANSWER a simple compression technique that replaces
sequences of repeated characters with a single character and a count
Scientific notation - CORRECT ANSWER a method of representing very large or very small
numbers by using powers of 10
Signed-magnitude representation - CORRECT ANSWER a way of encoding positive and
negative numbers where one bit represents the sign and the remaining bits represent the magnitude
String - CORRECT ANSWER a sequence of characters treated as a single data element and
used for text manipulation
Strong typing - CORRECT ANSWER a feature in programming languages where each variable
is explicitly declared to be of a specific type, reducing errors
, Ten's complement - CORRECT ANSWER a mathematical method for representing negative
numbers in a decimal system
Unicode - CORRECT ANSWER a universal character set that includes characters from
virtually all writing systems, allowing for consistent encoding and representation of text globally
Alphanumeric values - CORRECT ANSWER characters that include both letters (A-Z) and
numbers (0-9)
Assignment operator - CORRECT ANSWER a symbol used to assign a value to a variable,
typically =
Assignment statement - CORRECT ANSWER a line of code that assigns a value to a variable,
like x = 5
Binary operator - CORRECT ANSWER an operator that takes two operands, such as +, -, *,
and /
Camel casing - CORRECT ANSWER a naming convention where the first letter is lowercase
and each subsequent word starts with an uppercase letter, like myvariablename
Garbage - CORRECT ANSWER unused or leftover data in memory that the program no longer
needs or references
Hungarian notation - CORRECT ANSWER a naming convention where the name of a variable
starts with a prefix indicating its type, like strname for a string variable
Identifier - CORRECT ANSWER a name given to a variable, function, or other item in code to
identify it
Initializing a variable - CORRECT ANSWER assigning an initial value to a variable when it is
declared, like int x = 10
