Psychology Exam
Flashcards
2025-2026
Final Exam Questions with
Verified Answers | Grade A+ |
New Version
,The binocular cue for depth perception based on signals Convergence
from muscles that turn the eyes to focus on near or
approaching objects is called:
Although Robert was sitting right next to his wife, he Absolute threshold
smelled a skunk minutes before she did. Apparently,
Robert has a lower ________ for skunk odor than his wife.
The intensity level of a stimulus such that a person will Absolute threshold
have a 50% chance of detecting it.
It as an intensity less than a 50% chance of detecting the Subliminal stimulus
stimulus.
It refers to the smallest increase or decrease in the Just Noticeable Difference (JND)
intensity of a stimulus that a person is able to detect.
It states that the increase in intensity of a stimulus needed Webers Law
to produce just noticeable difference grows in proportion to
the intensity of the initial stimulus. At lower intensities,
small changes between two stimuli can be detected as
JNDs; however at higher intensities, only large changes
between the two stimuli can be detected as JNDs.
Our first awareness of some outside stimulus. An outside Sensation
stimulus activates sensory receptors, which in turns
produce electrical signals that are transformed by the brain
into meaningless bits of information.
The experience we have after our brain assembles and Perception
combines thousands of individual, meaningless sensations
into a meaningful pattern or image.
They believe that you add together hundreds of basic Structuralists
elements to form complex perceptions. They also believed
that you can work backward to break down perceptions
into smaller unit, or elements.
They believe that our brain follow a set of rules that specify Gestalt psychologist
how individual elements are to be organized into a
meaningful pattern, or perception.
Identified by Gestalt psychologists. It specify how our Rules of organization
brains combine and organize individual pieces or elements
into a meaningful perception.
States that, in organizing stimuli, we tend to automatically Figure-ground rule
distinguish between a figure and a ground: the figure, with
more detail, stands out against the background, which has
less detail.
States that we group together elements that appear similar Similarity rule
States that we tend to fill in any missing parts of a figure Closure rule
and see the figure as complete.
,States that we group together objects that are physically Proximity rule
close to one another.
States that stimuli are organized in the simplest way Simplicity rule
possible
States that we tend to favor smooth or continuous paths Continuity rule
when interpreting a series of points or lines.
Refers to our tendency to perceive sizes, shapes, Perceptual constancy
brightness, and colors as remaining the same even though
their physical characteristics are constantly changing
Refers to our tendency to perceive object as remaining the Size constancy
same size even when their images on the retina are
continually growing or shrinking.
Refers to your tendency to perceive an object as retaining Shape constancy
its same shape even though when you view it from
different angles, its shape is continually changing its image
on the retina
Refers to the tendency to perceive brightness as remaining Brightness constancy
the same in changing illumination
Refers to the tendency to perceive colors as remaining Color constancy
stable despite differences in lighting.
Refers to the ability of your eye and brain to add a third Depth perception
dimension, depth, to all visual perceptions, even though
images projected on the retina are in only 2D, height and
weight.
Cues depending on the movement of both eyes Binocular depth cues
A binocular cue for depth perception based on signals sent Convergence
from muscles that turn the eyes. To focus on near or
approaching objects, these muscles turn the eyes inward,
towards the nose. The brain uses the signals sent by these
muscles to determine the distance of the object.
A binocular depth cue that depends on the distance Retinal disparity
between the eyes. Because of their different positions,
each eye receives a slightly different image. The difference
between the right and left eye's image is the retinal
disparity. The brain interprets a large retinal disparity to
mean a close object and a small retinal disparity to mean a
distant object.
Produced by signals from a single eye. Monocular cues Monocular depth cues
most commonly arise from the way objects are arranged in
the environment.
A monocular depth cue that results as parallel lines come Linear perspective
together, or converge, in the distance.
, A monocular cue for depth that results when we expect two Relative size
objects to be the same size and they are not. In that case,
the larger of the two objects will appear closer and the
smaller will appear farther away
A monocular cue for depth perception that comes into play Interposition
when objects overlap. The overlapping object appear
closer, and the object that is overlapped appears farther
away
Make up monocular cues for depth perception: Brightly lit Light and shadow
objects appear closer, while objects in shadows appear
farther away.
A monocular depth cue in which areas with sharp, detailed Texture gradient
texture are interpreted as being closer and those with less
sharpness and poorer detail are perceived as more distant.
A monocular depth cue that is created by the presence of Atmospheric perspective
duct, smog, clouds, or water vapor. We perceive clearer
objects as being nearer, and we perceive hazy or cloudy
objects as being farther away.
A monocular depth cue based on the speed of moving Motion parallax
objects. We perceive objects that appear to be moving at
high speed as closer to us than those moving more slowly
or appear stationary
A perceptual experience in which you perceive an image Illusion
as being so strangely distorted that it cannot and does not
exist. An illusion is created by manipulating the perceptual
cues so that your brain can no longer correctly interpret
space, size, and depth cues.
A brief auditory or visual message that is presented below Subliminal message
the absolute threshold.
Having strong beliefs about changing some behavior and Self-fulfilling prophecies
then acting, unknowingly, to change that behavior
A perceptual experience in which a drawing seems to defy Impossible figure
basic geometric law
Learned expectations that are based on our personal, Perceptual sets
social, or cultural experiences. These expectations
automatically add information, meaning, or feelings to out
perceptions and thus change or bias our perceptions.
A group of psychic experiences that involve perceiving or Extrasensory perception (ESP)
sending information outside normal sensory processes or
channels
A controlled method for eliminating trickery, error and bias Ganzfeld procedure
while testing telepathic communication between a sender--
the person who sends the message--and a receiver--the
person who receives the message.
Flashcards
2025-2026
Final Exam Questions with
Verified Answers | Grade A+ |
New Version
,The binocular cue for depth perception based on signals Convergence
from muscles that turn the eyes to focus on near or
approaching objects is called:
Although Robert was sitting right next to his wife, he Absolute threshold
smelled a skunk minutes before she did. Apparently,
Robert has a lower ________ for skunk odor than his wife.
The intensity level of a stimulus such that a person will Absolute threshold
have a 50% chance of detecting it.
It as an intensity less than a 50% chance of detecting the Subliminal stimulus
stimulus.
It refers to the smallest increase or decrease in the Just Noticeable Difference (JND)
intensity of a stimulus that a person is able to detect.
It states that the increase in intensity of a stimulus needed Webers Law
to produce just noticeable difference grows in proportion to
the intensity of the initial stimulus. At lower intensities,
small changes between two stimuli can be detected as
JNDs; however at higher intensities, only large changes
between the two stimuli can be detected as JNDs.
Our first awareness of some outside stimulus. An outside Sensation
stimulus activates sensory receptors, which in turns
produce electrical signals that are transformed by the brain
into meaningless bits of information.
The experience we have after our brain assembles and Perception
combines thousands of individual, meaningless sensations
into a meaningful pattern or image.
They believe that you add together hundreds of basic Structuralists
elements to form complex perceptions. They also believed
that you can work backward to break down perceptions
into smaller unit, or elements.
They believe that our brain follow a set of rules that specify Gestalt psychologist
how individual elements are to be organized into a
meaningful pattern, or perception.
Identified by Gestalt psychologists. It specify how our Rules of organization
brains combine and organize individual pieces or elements
into a meaningful perception.
States that, in organizing stimuli, we tend to automatically Figure-ground rule
distinguish between a figure and a ground: the figure, with
more detail, stands out against the background, which has
less detail.
States that we group together elements that appear similar Similarity rule
States that we tend to fill in any missing parts of a figure Closure rule
and see the figure as complete.
,States that we group together objects that are physically Proximity rule
close to one another.
States that stimuli are organized in the simplest way Simplicity rule
possible
States that we tend to favor smooth or continuous paths Continuity rule
when interpreting a series of points or lines.
Refers to our tendency to perceive sizes, shapes, Perceptual constancy
brightness, and colors as remaining the same even though
their physical characteristics are constantly changing
Refers to our tendency to perceive object as remaining the Size constancy
same size even when their images on the retina are
continually growing or shrinking.
Refers to your tendency to perceive an object as retaining Shape constancy
its same shape even though when you view it from
different angles, its shape is continually changing its image
on the retina
Refers to the tendency to perceive brightness as remaining Brightness constancy
the same in changing illumination
Refers to the tendency to perceive colors as remaining Color constancy
stable despite differences in lighting.
Refers to the ability of your eye and brain to add a third Depth perception
dimension, depth, to all visual perceptions, even though
images projected on the retina are in only 2D, height and
weight.
Cues depending on the movement of both eyes Binocular depth cues
A binocular cue for depth perception based on signals sent Convergence
from muscles that turn the eyes. To focus on near or
approaching objects, these muscles turn the eyes inward,
towards the nose. The brain uses the signals sent by these
muscles to determine the distance of the object.
A binocular depth cue that depends on the distance Retinal disparity
between the eyes. Because of their different positions,
each eye receives a slightly different image. The difference
between the right and left eye's image is the retinal
disparity. The brain interprets a large retinal disparity to
mean a close object and a small retinal disparity to mean a
distant object.
Produced by signals from a single eye. Monocular cues Monocular depth cues
most commonly arise from the way objects are arranged in
the environment.
A monocular depth cue that results as parallel lines come Linear perspective
together, or converge, in the distance.
, A monocular cue for depth that results when we expect two Relative size
objects to be the same size and they are not. In that case,
the larger of the two objects will appear closer and the
smaller will appear farther away
A monocular cue for depth perception that comes into play Interposition
when objects overlap. The overlapping object appear
closer, and the object that is overlapped appears farther
away
Make up monocular cues for depth perception: Brightly lit Light and shadow
objects appear closer, while objects in shadows appear
farther away.
A monocular depth cue in which areas with sharp, detailed Texture gradient
texture are interpreted as being closer and those with less
sharpness and poorer detail are perceived as more distant.
A monocular depth cue that is created by the presence of Atmospheric perspective
duct, smog, clouds, or water vapor. We perceive clearer
objects as being nearer, and we perceive hazy or cloudy
objects as being farther away.
A monocular depth cue based on the speed of moving Motion parallax
objects. We perceive objects that appear to be moving at
high speed as closer to us than those moving more slowly
or appear stationary
A perceptual experience in which you perceive an image Illusion
as being so strangely distorted that it cannot and does not
exist. An illusion is created by manipulating the perceptual
cues so that your brain can no longer correctly interpret
space, size, and depth cues.
A brief auditory or visual message that is presented below Subliminal message
the absolute threshold.
Having strong beliefs about changing some behavior and Self-fulfilling prophecies
then acting, unknowingly, to change that behavior
A perceptual experience in which a drawing seems to defy Impossible figure
basic geometric law
Learned expectations that are based on our personal, Perceptual sets
social, or cultural experiences. These expectations
automatically add information, meaning, or feelings to out
perceptions and thus change or bias our perceptions.
A group of psychic experiences that involve perceiving or Extrasensory perception (ESP)
sending information outside normal sensory processes or
channels
A controlled method for eliminating trickery, error and bias Ganzfeld procedure
while testing telepathic communication between a sender--
the person who sends the message--and a receiver--the
person who receives the message.
