NMTCB CT Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams Includes Frequently
Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
Normal Pulse Rate (adult) 60-100 bpm
Normal Pulse Rate (pediatrics) 70-120 bpm
Normal Pulse Rate (infant) 120-140 bpm
Normal respiratory rate (adult) 12-20 breaths/minute (more for children)
Blood pressure in the arteries during contraction of the
systolic pressure
ventricles. <120 mmHg
the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest (<80
diastolic pressure
mmHg)
hypovolemic shock shock resulting from blood or fluid loss
Shock caused by inadequate function of the heart, or
cardiogenic shock
pump failure. (MI or Heart failure)
(fainting) severe pain, fright, unpleasant sights or other
neurogenic shock strong stimuli that overwhelm the normal capacity of the
nervous system
circulation insuflciency as a result of too much in-
insulin shock sulin which causes a dangerous drop in blood glucose.
(tremors, sweating, vertigo, convulsions, collapse)
sudden and severe allergic reaction to the presence of a
anaphalactic shock
foreign substance in the bloodstream
BUN (blood urea nitrogen) 10-20 mg/dL in normal adult
Creatinine 0.5-1.2 mg/dL (slightly elevated in elderly patient)
11-13 seconds
PT (prothrombin time)
(clotting tendency of blood
normal = 20-35 seconds;
PTT (partial thromboplastin time) on heparin therapy goal is 1.5 - 2.5 times this
(the time it takes your blood to clot)
Platelets 150,000-400,000 cu/mm in normal adult
,NMTCB CT Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams Includes Frequently
Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
GFR (glomerular filtration rate) 60-120 based on age, sex, body and health condition
D-dimer normal is 0.5 mg/L or 500 ng/ml
normal adult = 1.0
a-fib patient on coumadin = 2.0-3.0
INR (for biopsy protocol)
mechanical heart valve = 3.0-4.0
>4.0 is insuflcient clotting
measures the ionization produced in air
exposure Roentgen is the unit of measurement
(does not convey the biological ettects of irradiation)
measurement of the energy deposited in tissue
Dose measured in Gray or Rad
more biological descriptive (energy deposited)
alpha particles and neutrons
High LET radiation more damage
gamma rays and x-rays
Low LET radiation
also Beta rays
A measurement used to compare the biologic ettects of
ditterent types of radiation.
dose equivalent
measured in Sieverts or Rem
(1 Sv = 100 rem)
ettective dose calculated by multiplying DLP by a tissue weighting factor
Indicates the ratio of the risk of stochastic ettects attribut-
able to irradiation of a given organ or tissue to the total
risk when the whole body is uniformly irradiated
Tissue Weighting Factor
Most CT scans are a part of a body so tissue weighting
factor converts a partial body radiation to ettective whole
body radiation
, early, lethal cell damage, low organ function, threshold
Deterministic ettects of radiation
dose exists, ettect increase with dosage
no threshold
greater chance of biological ettects (cancer or genetic
stochiastic ettects of radiation
ettect)
cell modification results in stochiastic ettects
not a significant concern in CT unless unit is used improp-
Deterministic ettects are...
erly
mutations to the DNA
ionizing radiation can cause... cell death
cell modification
-represents the mean absorbed dose in the scanned ob-
ject volume by measures per slice of tissue
-developed by the FDA
-measured in Gy
measured using pencil type ionization chambers in phan-
CTDI (CT dose index) toms that simulate head or abdomen
holes at center (center measurement)
holes at edges (periphery measurement)
plug the holes not being used
head is 1:1 center to periphery
body is 2:1 at edge relative to center
CTDI weighted CTDIw = 1/3 CTDI center + 2/3 CTDI periphery
CTDIv = CTDIw / pitch
CTDI volume
(takes pitch into account)
CTDIvol x scan length
DLP (Dose Length Product)
takes into account hiw much tissue is being irradiated
Factors attecting dose
, technical factors (kV, mA, time)
collimation/beam width
pitch and overlap
number of detectors
z over scanning
tube current modulation
gating
when the CT scan exposes tissue outside of intended
Z-overscanning
image volume
Scanner adjusts mA on the fly with continuous modula-
tion
Scanner can also adjust mA based on scout image
Tube current modulation
More attenuation - higher mA
Current changes based on AP or lateral projection
reduces patient exposure
increases contrast
decreases noise
filtration in CT increases diagnostic quality
decreases radiation exposure
Kilovolt peak; controls x-ray beam quality.
kVp controls the energy of the xrays
ability to penetrate thicker, denser body parts
Milliamperes
tube current
mA controls the number of x rays produced
improves image quality
increases dose
roughly speaking dose is proportional to kVp squared.
however that is misleading because increased kVp pene-
Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
Normal Pulse Rate (adult) 60-100 bpm
Normal Pulse Rate (pediatrics) 70-120 bpm
Normal Pulse Rate (infant) 120-140 bpm
Normal respiratory rate (adult) 12-20 breaths/minute (more for children)
Blood pressure in the arteries during contraction of the
systolic pressure
ventricles. <120 mmHg
the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest (<80
diastolic pressure
mmHg)
hypovolemic shock shock resulting from blood or fluid loss
Shock caused by inadequate function of the heart, or
cardiogenic shock
pump failure. (MI or Heart failure)
(fainting) severe pain, fright, unpleasant sights or other
neurogenic shock strong stimuli that overwhelm the normal capacity of the
nervous system
circulation insuflciency as a result of too much in-
insulin shock sulin which causes a dangerous drop in blood glucose.
(tremors, sweating, vertigo, convulsions, collapse)
sudden and severe allergic reaction to the presence of a
anaphalactic shock
foreign substance in the bloodstream
BUN (blood urea nitrogen) 10-20 mg/dL in normal adult
Creatinine 0.5-1.2 mg/dL (slightly elevated in elderly patient)
11-13 seconds
PT (prothrombin time)
(clotting tendency of blood
normal = 20-35 seconds;
PTT (partial thromboplastin time) on heparin therapy goal is 1.5 - 2.5 times this
(the time it takes your blood to clot)
Platelets 150,000-400,000 cu/mm in normal adult
,NMTCB CT Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams Includes Frequently
Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
GFR (glomerular filtration rate) 60-120 based on age, sex, body and health condition
D-dimer normal is 0.5 mg/L or 500 ng/ml
normal adult = 1.0
a-fib patient on coumadin = 2.0-3.0
INR (for biopsy protocol)
mechanical heart valve = 3.0-4.0
>4.0 is insuflcient clotting
measures the ionization produced in air
exposure Roentgen is the unit of measurement
(does not convey the biological ettects of irradiation)
measurement of the energy deposited in tissue
Dose measured in Gray or Rad
more biological descriptive (energy deposited)
alpha particles and neutrons
High LET radiation more damage
gamma rays and x-rays
Low LET radiation
also Beta rays
A measurement used to compare the biologic ettects of
ditterent types of radiation.
dose equivalent
measured in Sieverts or Rem
(1 Sv = 100 rem)
ettective dose calculated by multiplying DLP by a tissue weighting factor
Indicates the ratio of the risk of stochastic ettects attribut-
able to irradiation of a given organ or tissue to the total
risk when the whole body is uniformly irradiated
Tissue Weighting Factor
Most CT scans are a part of a body so tissue weighting
factor converts a partial body radiation to ettective whole
body radiation
, early, lethal cell damage, low organ function, threshold
Deterministic ettects of radiation
dose exists, ettect increase with dosage
no threshold
greater chance of biological ettects (cancer or genetic
stochiastic ettects of radiation
ettect)
cell modification results in stochiastic ettects
not a significant concern in CT unless unit is used improp-
Deterministic ettects are...
erly
mutations to the DNA
ionizing radiation can cause... cell death
cell modification
-represents the mean absorbed dose in the scanned ob-
ject volume by measures per slice of tissue
-developed by the FDA
-measured in Gy
measured using pencil type ionization chambers in phan-
CTDI (CT dose index) toms that simulate head or abdomen
holes at center (center measurement)
holes at edges (periphery measurement)
plug the holes not being used
head is 1:1 center to periphery
body is 2:1 at edge relative to center
CTDI weighted CTDIw = 1/3 CTDI center + 2/3 CTDI periphery
CTDIv = CTDIw / pitch
CTDI volume
(takes pitch into account)
CTDIvol x scan length
DLP (Dose Length Product)
takes into account hiw much tissue is being irradiated
Factors attecting dose
, technical factors (kV, mA, time)
collimation/beam width
pitch and overlap
number of detectors
z over scanning
tube current modulation
gating
when the CT scan exposes tissue outside of intended
Z-overscanning
image volume
Scanner adjusts mA on the fly with continuous modula-
tion
Scanner can also adjust mA based on scout image
Tube current modulation
More attenuation - higher mA
Current changes based on AP or lateral projection
reduces patient exposure
increases contrast
decreases noise
filtration in CT increases diagnostic quality
decreases radiation exposure
Kilovolt peak; controls x-ray beam quality.
kVp controls the energy of the xrays
ability to penetrate thicker, denser body parts
Milliamperes
tube current
mA controls the number of x rays produced
improves image quality
increases dose
roughly speaking dose is proportional to kVp squared.
however that is misleading because increased kVp pene-
