Med Surg NCLEX Exam Questions with
Correct Answers
Why do patients get blood products?
1. anemic w/ a hgb < 8-10
2. increase their blood volume
3. they have a clotting disorder
4. surgical blood loss > 1200
5. never just b/c
List the two main functions of transfusions
1. increase O2 carrying capacity of the blood
2. reverse tissue hypoxia
What is whole blood given for and how is it transfused?
-for shock, low blood volume, low Hgb, low Hct, hemorrhage
-500 mls over 2-4 hrs
PRBC's
1. what must you do first?
2. what must you do for Rh neg?
3. how does it affect the blood?
4. 1 unit = how many mls?
5. what's the infusion rate?
1. must be typed and cross matched
2. Rh neg. gets Rh neg.
3. 1 unit increase Hgb by 1g/dL or Hct by 3%
,4. 4 unit = 300-350mls
5. 250-300 mls given over 2-3 hrs, completed w/in 4
Leukocyte poor RBC's
1. what are they?
2. who are they given to?
1. a blood product in which the WBC's have been removed to reduce risk of reaction
2. patients w/ known nonhemolytic transfusion reactions and imunosuppressed ppl
Frozen Fresh Plasma
1. how is it seperated?
2. when is it given?
3. are they cross matched?
4. what's in it?
5. how is it infused?
1. seperated via centrifuge
2. to restore plasma volume and treat some bleeding problems
3. no
4. all clotting factors, antithrombin, plasmin protein
5. short half-life means it runs over 30-60 minutes and must be stored frozen, must finish
w/in 4 hrs
Platelets
1. when is it given?
2. are they cross matched?
3. how are they stored?
,1. maintain normal coagulability of the blood, given for bleeding disorders and when bone
marrow doesn't make enough
2. no
3. room temp w/ agitation, expire after 5-7 days
Cryoprecipitate
1. what is it?
2. what factors are in it?
3. when is it given?
1. the precipitate after FFP thaws
2. factor VII, vonWillebrand, fibrinogen, factor XIII
3. for fibrinogen levels < 100, when there's a factor deficiency that's leading to bleeding
What is "type and cross matching"?
It's a process used to determine blood type compatibility between donor and recipient.
Determines Rh and ABO.
Rh
1. what is it?
2. who gets + or - ?
1. blood factor made of antigens
2. Rh+ gets + or - blood, Rh- gets - blood only
ABO
1. who gets what?
2. who's the universal donor and recipient?
, 1. O- doesn't have A, B, or O antigens. AB+ has A, B, and O antigens.
2. O- is universal donor. AB+ is universal recipient.
Blood screening checks for...?
Hep C, HIV, West Nile
What religion won't accept blood transfusions?
Jehovas Witness
What are some other blood volume builders?
crystalloids, artificial crystalloids (dextran)
What is an autologous blood donation?
donation to one's self, good for one month
Risks of infusion therapy
disease transmission (most likely Hep B), bacterial contamination, transfusion rxn,
circulatory overload
How long after being brought up from the blood bank must the blood be infused?
30 minutes
What must nurse do to before giving blood?
positively ID the pt, inspect the blood, 2-nurse verification, verify donor-recipient
compatibility, check expiration date, get baseline vitals, start IV w/ 18-20G needle to avoid
lysing of cells
What must the nurse do after starting a blood infusion?
Infuse slowly for first 15 min and assess q 15 min, watch for vitals, and check vitals regularly
Correct Answers
Why do patients get blood products?
1. anemic w/ a hgb < 8-10
2. increase their blood volume
3. they have a clotting disorder
4. surgical blood loss > 1200
5. never just b/c
List the two main functions of transfusions
1. increase O2 carrying capacity of the blood
2. reverse tissue hypoxia
What is whole blood given for and how is it transfused?
-for shock, low blood volume, low Hgb, low Hct, hemorrhage
-500 mls over 2-4 hrs
PRBC's
1. what must you do first?
2. what must you do for Rh neg?
3. how does it affect the blood?
4. 1 unit = how many mls?
5. what's the infusion rate?
1. must be typed and cross matched
2. Rh neg. gets Rh neg.
3. 1 unit increase Hgb by 1g/dL or Hct by 3%
,4. 4 unit = 300-350mls
5. 250-300 mls given over 2-3 hrs, completed w/in 4
Leukocyte poor RBC's
1. what are they?
2. who are they given to?
1. a blood product in which the WBC's have been removed to reduce risk of reaction
2. patients w/ known nonhemolytic transfusion reactions and imunosuppressed ppl
Frozen Fresh Plasma
1. how is it seperated?
2. when is it given?
3. are they cross matched?
4. what's in it?
5. how is it infused?
1. seperated via centrifuge
2. to restore plasma volume and treat some bleeding problems
3. no
4. all clotting factors, antithrombin, plasmin protein
5. short half-life means it runs over 30-60 minutes and must be stored frozen, must finish
w/in 4 hrs
Platelets
1. when is it given?
2. are they cross matched?
3. how are they stored?
,1. maintain normal coagulability of the blood, given for bleeding disorders and when bone
marrow doesn't make enough
2. no
3. room temp w/ agitation, expire after 5-7 days
Cryoprecipitate
1. what is it?
2. what factors are in it?
3. when is it given?
1. the precipitate after FFP thaws
2. factor VII, vonWillebrand, fibrinogen, factor XIII
3. for fibrinogen levels < 100, when there's a factor deficiency that's leading to bleeding
What is "type and cross matching"?
It's a process used to determine blood type compatibility between donor and recipient.
Determines Rh and ABO.
Rh
1. what is it?
2. who gets + or - ?
1. blood factor made of antigens
2. Rh+ gets + or - blood, Rh- gets - blood only
ABO
1. who gets what?
2. who's the universal donor and recipient?
, 1. O- doesn't have A, B, or O antigens. AB+ has A, B, and O antigens.
2. O- is universal donor. AB+ is universal recipient.
Blood screening checks for...?
Hep C, HIV, West Nile
What religion won't accept blood transfusions?
Jehovas Witness
What are some other blood volume builders?
crystalloids, artificial crystalloids (dextran)
What is an autologous blood donation?
donation to one's self, good for one month
Risks of infusion therapy
disease transmission (most likely Hep B), bacterial contamination, transfusion rxn,
circulatory overload
How long after being brought up from the blood bank must the blood be infused?
30 minutes
What must nurse do to before giving blood?
positively ID the pt, inspect the blood, 2-nurse verification, verify donor-recipient
compatibility, check expiration date, get baseline vitals, start IV w/ 18-20G needle to avoid
lysing of cells
What must the nurse do after starting a blood infusion?
Infuse slowly for first 15 min and assess q 15 min, watch for vitals, and check vitals regularly
