SCI 131 Exam 2 V3 | SCI 131 Introduction
to Nutrition | Q&A with Rationale (SCI131
Exam 2) | Nightingale College
1. Which of the following vitamins is most likely to cause toxicity symptoms if consumed in
excessive amounts over a long period?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin A
D. Folate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is stored in the liver and adipose tissue
for long periods. Because it is not easily excreted in the urine like water-soluble vitamins,
excessive intake from supplements can lead to hypervitaminosis A. Symptoms of toxicity
include liver damage, blurred vision, and bone pain.
2. A deficiency of which vitamin is associated with the condition known as rickets in children?
A. Vitamin E
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin C
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the small
intestine. Without adequate Vitamin D, children cannot properly mineralize their bone
matrix, leading to soft, bowed legs known as rickets. In adults, this same deficiency leads to
a condition called osteomalacia.
3. Which B-vitamin is primarily involved in the metabolism of amino acids and the synthesis
of nonessential amino acids?
A. Vitamin B6
B. Riboflavin
C. Niacin
D. Thiamin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vitamin B6, or pyridoxine, acts as a coenzyme in over 100 enzymatic reactions,
most of which involve protein metabolism. It is specifically required for transamination,
the process of transferring an amino group to form new amino acids. Without B6, all amino
acids would become essential because the body could not synthesize them internally.
4. A patient who has had a total gastrectomy is at high risk for a deficiency of which nutrient?
A. Vitamin B6
B. Iron
, C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin B12 requires intrinsic factor for absorption, which is a protein secreted
by the parietal cells of the stomach lining. After a total gastrectomy, the production of
intrinsic factor is lost, making the patient unable to absorb B12 in the ileum. This results in
pernicious anemia if the patient does not receive regular B12 injections.
5. Which of the following serves as a precursor to Vitamin A and acts as an antioxidant in the
body?
A. Retinol
B. Alpha-tocopherol
C. Beta-carotene
D. Cholecalciferol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Beta-carotene is a provitamin A carotenoid found in orange and yellow
vegetables like carrots and sweet potatoes. The body converts beta-carotene into active
retinol only when it is needed, which prevents toxicity from over-consumption.
Additionally, beta-carotene serves an important role as an antioxidant, protecting cells
from free radical damage.
to Nutrition | Q&A with Rationale (SCI131
Exam 2) | Nightingale College
1. Which of the following vitamins is most likely to cause toxicity symptoms if consumed in
excessive amounts over a long period?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin A
D. Folate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is stored in the liver and adipose tissue
for long periods. Because it is not easily excreted in the urine like water-soluble vitamins,
excessive intake from supplements can lead to hypervitaminosis A. Symptoms of toxicity
include liver damage, blurred vision, and bone pain.
2. A deficiency of which vitamin is associated with the condition known as rickets in children?
A. Vitamin E
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin C
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the small
intestine. Without adequate Vitamin D, children cannot properly mineralize their bone
matrix, leading to soft, bowed legs known as rickets. In adults, this same deficiency leads to
a condition called osteomalacia.
3. Which B-vitamin is primarily involved in the metabolism of amino acids and the synthesis
of nonessential amino acids?
A. Vitamin B6
B. Riboflavin
C. Niacin
D. Thiamin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vitamin B6, or pyridoxine, acts as a coenzyme in over 100 enzymatic reactions,
most of which involve protein metabolism. It is specifically required for transamination,
the process of transferring an amino group to form new amino acids. Without B6, all amino
acids would become essential because the body could not synthesize them internally.
4. A patient who has had a total gastrectomy is at high risk for a deficiency of which nutrient?
A. Vitamin B6
B. Iron
, C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin B12 requires intrinsic factor for absorption, which is a protein secreted
by the parietal cells of the stomach lining. After a total gastrectomy, the production of
intrinsic factor is lost, making the patient unable to absorb B12 in the ileum. This results in
pernicious anemia if the patient does not receive regular B12 injections.
5. Which of the following serves as a precursor to Vitamin A and acts as an antioxidant in the
body?
A. Retinol
B. Alpha-tocopherol
C. Beta-carotene
D. Cholecalciferol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Beta-carotene is a provitamin A carotenoid found in orange and yellow
vegetables like carrots and sweet potatoes. The body converts beta-carotene into active
retinol only when it is needed, which prevents toxicity from over-consumption.
Additionally, beta-carotene serves an important role as an antioxidant, protecting cells
from free radical damage.
