SCI 131 Exam 4 V2 | SCI 131 Introduction
to Nutrition | Q&A with Rationale (SCI131
Exam 4) | Nightingale College
1. A nurse is providing education to a pregnant client regarding the recommended weight
gain for a person with a normal pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI). Which of the
following ranges is the appropriate target?
A. 25 to 35 pounds
B. 15 to 25 pounds
C. 11 to 20 pounds
D. 28 to 40 pounds
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: For a woman with a normal pre-pregnancy BMI (18.5 to 24.9), the
recommended weight gain is 25 to 35 pounds to ensure healthy fetal development.
Insufficient weight gain can lead to low birth weight or preterm delivery risks. This
recommendation follows the Institute of Medicine guidelines specifically designed to
optimize maternal and infant health outcomes.
2. When assessing an infant’s readiness for the introduction of solid foods, which
physiological milestone should the nurse look for?
A. The presence of the extrusion reflex
,B. The emergence of the first primary molar
C. Ability to sit up with support and control head movement
D. Consumption of more than 24 ounces of formula per day
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Infants are typically ready for solid foods around 4 to 6 months of age when
they can sit with support and have gained significant head control. The disappearance of
the extrusion reflex, which pushes food out of the mouth with the tongue, is a critical sign
of developmental readiness. Introducing solids before these milestones are met increases
the risk of choking and may result in poor nutrient absorption.
3. An adolescent client is diagnosed with Bulimia Nervosa. Which of the following physical
findings is most characteristic of this eating disorder?
A. Dental erosion and parotid gland swelling
B. Lanugo hair on the back and arms
C. Extreme bradycardia and hypotension
D. Yellowish skin discoloration due to hypercarotenemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bulimia Nervosa is characterized by cycles of binge eating followed by
compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting. Repeated exposure to stomach acid
during vomiting leads to the erosion of dental enamel and inflammation of the parotid
,glands, often referred to as ‘chipmunk cheeks.’ In contrast, lanugo and hypercarotenemia
are more commonly associated with the severe starvation phase of Anorexia Nervosa.
4. Which nutritional intervention is considered the priority for a client diagnosed with
Metabolic Syndrome to reduce the risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)?
A. Increasing intake of refined carbohydrates to boost energy
B. Restricting all dietary fats to less than 5% of total calories
C. Supplementing with high-dose vitamin E capsules daily
D. Adopting the DASH diet or Mediterranean diet patterns
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metabolic syndrome involves a cluster of conditions like hypertension, high
blood sugar, and obesity that increase the risk of heart disease. Dietary patterns like the
DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) or Mediterranean diets are evidence-
based interventions that focus on whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats. These
diets have been shown to improve insulin sensitivity, lower blood pressure, and optimize
lipid profiles effectively.
5. A nurse is educating an older adult about the age-related physiological changes that impact
nutritional status. Which change increases the risk of Vitamin B12 deficiency?
A. Decreased gastric acid secretion (atrophic gastritis)
B. Increased production of intrinsic factor
C. Enhanced intestinal motility and faster transit time
, D. Increased thirst sensation leading to overhydration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Atrophic gastritis is common in older adults and results in decreased secretion
of hydrochloric acid and pepsin. Hydrochloric acid is required to release Vitamin B12 from
its protein bonds in food so it can eventually bind with intrinsic factor. Without adequate
stomach acid, older adults are at a higher risk for malabsorption and subsequent
megaloblastic anemia or neurological deficits.
6. A client with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is being taught about the Glycemic Index (GI). Which
statement by the client indicates an understanding of this concept?
A. “I should choose foods with a high GI to keep my blood sugar stable.”
B. “Only fat-containing foods have a Glycemic Index rating.”
C. “The Glycemic Index measures how fast a food increases my blood glucose.”
D. “GI ratings are the only tool I need for managing my carbohydrate intake.”
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Glycemic Index is a system that ranks carbohydrates on a scale from 0 to
100 based on how quickly they raise blood glucose levels after eating. Low GI foods are
digested more slowly, leading to a gradual rise in blood sugar, which is beneficial for
diabetes management. Understanding GI helps clients make better food choices, although
total carbohydrate intake (Glycemic Load) remains a critical factor.
to Nutrition | Q&A with Rationale (SCI131
Exam 4) | Nightingale College
1. A nurse is providing education to a pregnant client regarding the recommended weight
gain for a person with a normal pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI). Which of the
following ranges is the appropriate target?
A. 25 to 35 pounds
B. 15 to 25 pounds
C. 11 to 20 pounds
D. 28 to 40 pounds
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: For a woman with a normal pre-pregnancy BMI (18.5 to 24.9), the
recommended weight gain is 25 to 35 pounds to ensure healthy fetal development.
Insufficient weight gain can lead to low birth weight or preterm delivery risks. This
recommendation follows the Institute of Medicine guidelines specifically designed to
optimize maternal and infant health outcomes.
2. When assessing an infant’s readiness for the introduction of solid foods, which
physiological milestone should the nurse look for?
A. The presence of the extrusion reflex
,B. The emergence of the first primary molar
C. Ability to sit up with support and control head movement
D. Consumption of more than 24 ounces of formula per day
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Infants are typically ready for solid foods around 4 to 6 months of age when
they can sit with support and have gained significant head control. The disappearance of
the extrusion reflex, which pushes food out of the mouth with the tongue, is a critical sign
of developmental readiness. Introducing solids before these milestones are met increases
the risk of choking and may result in poor nutrient absorption.
3. An adolescent client is diagnosed with Bulimia Nervosa. Which of the following physical
findings is most characteristic of this eating disorder?
A. Dental erosion and parotid gland swelling
B. Lanugo hair on the back and arms
C. Extreme bradycardia and hypotension
D. Yellowish skin discoloration due to hypercarotenemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bulimia Nervosa is characterized by cycles of binge eating followed by
compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting. Repeated exposure to stomach acid
during vomiting leads to the erosion of dental enamel and inflammation of the parotid
,glands, often referred to as ‘chipmunk cheeks.’ In contrast, lanugo and hypercarotenemia
are more commonly associated with the severe starvation phase of Anorexia Nervosa.
4. Which nutritional intervention is considered the priority for a client diagnosed with
Metabolic Syndrome to reduce the risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)?
A. Increasing intake of refined carbohydrates to boost energy
B. Restricting all dietary fats to less than 5% of total calories
C. Supplementing with high-dose vitamin E capsules daily
D. Adopting the DASH diet or Mediterranean diet patterns
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metabolic syndrome involves a cluster of conditions like hypertension, high
blood sugar, and obesity that increase the risk of heart disease. Dietary patterns like the
DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) or Mediterranean diets are evidence-
based interventions that focus on whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats. These
diets have been shown to improve insulin sensitivity, lower blood pressure, and optimize
lipid profiles effectively.
5. A nurse is educating an older adult about the age-related physiological changes that impact
nutritional status. Which change increases the risk of Vitamin B12 deficiency?
A. Decreased gastric acid secretion (atrophic gastritis)
B. Increased production of intrinsic factor
C. Enhanced intestinal motility and faster transit time
, D. Increased thirst sensation leading to overhydration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Atrophic gastritis is common in older adults and results in decreased secretion
of hydrochloric acid and pepsin. Hydrochloric acid is required to release Vitamin B12 from
its protein bonds in food so it can eventually bind with intrinsic factor. Without adequate
stomach acid, older adults are at a higher risk for malabsorption and subsequent
megaloblastic anemia or neurological deficits.
6. A client with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is being taught about the Glycemic Index (GI). Which
statement by the client indicates an understanding of this concept?
A. “I should choose foods with a high GI to keep my blood sugar stable.”
B. “Only fat-containing foods have a Glycemic Index rating.”
C. “The Glycemic Index measures how fast a food increases my blood glucose.”
D. “GI ratings are the only tool I need for managing my carbohydrate intake.”
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Glycemic Index is a system that ranks carbohydrates on a scale from 0 to
100 based on how quickly they raise blood glucose levels after eating. Low GI foods are
digested more slowly, leading to a gradual rise in blood sugar, which is beneficial for
diabetes management. Understanding GI helps clients make better food choices, although
total carbohydrate intake (Glycemic Load) remains a critical factor.
