SPOTTER NETWORK ACTUAL EXAM
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Interference.
Answer: •Any external or internal disturbance that disrupts the transmission
of data over a network, leading to signal degradation, data loss, or
communication errors.-Can be caused by electromagnetic waves, physical
obstructions, or other electronic devices operating on the same
frequencyTroubleshooting-Handle the cable with care-Avoid power cor
◍ unicast frame.
Answer: Any frame addressed specifically to another device's MAC address
◍ Protocol.
Answer: What do networks use to communicate with each other that is
sometimes known as a language that networked computers use?
◍ Wifi Protected Access 2 (WPA2).
Answer: •A security protocol used to protect wireless networks-Was
introduced as a stronger replacement for the earlier WEP (Wired Equivalent
Privacy) protocol-Uses AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) to encrypt the
data being transmitted over the network
◍ AXIS NAMING - third number / fourth character.
Answer: RUNNING NUMBER / internal measurement of growth
◍ MSBACK
U. EXE.
Answer: What is the name of the executable for Microsoft Backup for DOS?
◍ WINS.
, Answer: Windows Internet Name Service-Microsoft's implementation for
NetBIOS Name Service (NBNS), a name server and service for NetBIOS
computer names-a central mapping of host names to network addresses to
NetBIOS
◍ End of Life (EOL).
Answer: •A term used to describe the date by which the vendor or
manufacturer ceases to support and provide software updates and patches
for a product or software application-May still provide security patches and
upgrades-Includes stopping production, sales, and support
◍ Carrier Ethernet.
Answer: An extension of the Ethernet infrastructure that covers much more
than just a metropolitan area
◍ Central Repository (IaC).
Answer: •A centralized storage location where all the infrastructure
configuration files (e.g., Terraform scripts, Ansible playbooks,
CloudFormation templates) are stored, managed, and versioned-Acts as the
single source of truth for all infrastructure definitions, configurations, and
code
◍ Graphical User Interface (GUI).
Answer: •A user-friendly interface that allows users to interact with
computer systems and network devices through graphical elements such as
icons, buttons, windows, and menus, rather than relying solely on text-based
commands-Share a desktop from a remote location-Good example is
RDP(Remote Desktop Protocol) or VNC(Virtual Network Computing)
◍ Bridge Table.
Answer: A list of MAC addresses and port locations for hosts connected to
the bridge ports
◍ OEM.
Answer: Original Equipment Manufacturer. A company that produces
equipment made from components that are typcially purchased from other
, manufacturers
◍ warm site.
Answer: a not-yet-operational facility with power, cooling, and rack space;
equipment is onsite but not racked or powered up
◍ Lumens.
Answer: measurement of output of the light from the source
◍ presentation layer.
Answer: layer 6 of the OSI model, which accepts and structures the
messages for the application
◍ optical carrier.
Answer: OC
◍ Latency.
Answer: •The time delay between sending and receiving data across a
network-Represents how long it takes for a packet to travel from the source
to the destination-Measured in milliseconds (ms)-Expected and normal
◍ site-to-site VPN.
Answer: VPN that requires network hardware like a router or firewall to
create and maintain the connection
◍ Access Control List (ACL).
Answer: A basic form of firewall protection involving a list of permissions
attached to an object
◍ Fixed Lens.
Answer: common in mini domes, modular cameras, and multi-sensors- has
fixed focal length (can not zoom)
◍ star topology.
Answer: the most common networking topology in today's LANs, where all
networking devices connect to a central switch or hub; includes twisted-pair
cables with modular plugs which are used to connect the computers and
other networking devices
, ◍ Layer 5 (OSI Model).
Answer: •Session Layer-Manages connections between machines-Handles
all sessions for a system-Initiates sessions, accepts incoming sessions, and
opens,closes existing sessions-No protocols are dedicated to this layer-The
PDU is data
◍ Operational Technology (OT).
Answer: •The hardware and software systems used to monitor, control, and
automate industrial operations-Traffic lights, electric grids, manufacturing
plants-Use network segmentation for security
◍ Non-overlapping chanels.
Answer: •Channels that do not interfere with each other because their
frequency ranges (bandwidth) do not overlap-Minimizes interference and
improves Wi-Fi performance, especially in environments with many
wireless devices
◍ Layer 3 (OSI Model).
Answer: •Network Layer-Creates/addresses packets so they can go from one
network to another(IP)-Responsible for the delivery of data to its final
destination-Routers/IP operate on this level-The PDU are packets
◍ Peer-to-Peer.
Answer: In what type of network is there no dedicated server and each mode
on the network is an equal resource for sharing and receiving information?
◍ hub (multiport repeater).
Answer: device that broadcasts the data it receives to all devices connected
to its ports
◍ PoE +.
Answer: up to 30W
◍ Proxy Server.
Answer: •An intermediary server that sits between a client (such as a
computer or smartphone) and the internet-Handles requests from the client,
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Interference.
Answer: •Any external or internal disturbance that disrupts the transmission
of data over a network, leading to signal degradation, data loss, or
communication errors.-Can be caused by electromagnetic waves, physical
obstructions, or other electronic devices operating on the same
frequencyTroubleshooting-Handle the cable with care-Avoid power cor
◍ unicast frame.
Answer: Any frame addressed specifically to another device's MAC address
◍ Protocol.
Answer: What do networks use to communicate with each other that is
sometimes known as a language that networked computers use?
◍ Wifi Protected Access 2 (WPA2).
Answer: •A security protocol used to protect wireless networks-Was
introduced as a stronger replacement for the earlier WEP (Wired Equivalent
Privacy) protocol-Uses AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) to encrypt the
data being transmitted over the network
◍ AXIS NAMING - third number / fourth character.
Answer: RUNNING NUMBER / internal measurement of growth
◍ MSBACK
U. EXE.
Answer: What is the name of the executable for Microsoft Backup for DOS?
◍ WINS.
, Answer: Windows Internet Name Service-Microsoft's implementation for
NetBIOS Name Service (NBNS), a name server and service for NetBIOS
computer names-a central mapping of host names to network addresses to
NetBIOS
◍ End of Life (EOL).
Answer: •A term used to describe the date by which the vendor or
manufacturer ceases to support and provide software updates and patches
for a product or software application-May still provide security patches and
upgrades-Includes stopping production, sales, and support
◍ Carrier Ethernet.
Answer: An extension of the Ethernet infrastructure that covers much more
than just a metropolitan area
◍ Central Repository (IaC).
Answer: •A centralized storage location where all the infrastructure
configuration files (e.g., Terraform scripts, Ansible playbooks,
CloudFormation templates) are stored, managed, and versioned-Acts as the
single source of truth for all infrastructure definitions, configurations, and
code
◍ Graphical User Interface (GUI).
Answer: •A user-friendly interface that allows users to interact with
computer systems and network devices through graphical elements such as
icons, buttons, windows, and menus, rather than relying solely on text-based
commands-Share a desktop from a remote location-Good example is
RDP(Remote Desktop Protocol) or VNC(Virtual Network Computing)
◍ Bridge Table.
Answer: A list of MAC addresses and port locations for hosts connected to
the bridge ports
◍ OEM.
Answer: Original Equipment Manufacturer. A company that produces
equipment made from components that are typcially purchased from other
, manufacturers
◍ warm site.
Answer: a not-yet-operational facility with power, cooling, and rack space;
equipment is onsite but not racked or powered up
◍ Lumens.
Answer: measurement of output of the light from the source
◍ presentation layer.
Answer: layer 6 of the OSI model, which accepts and structures the
messages for the application
◍ optical carrier.
Answer: OC
◍ Latency.
Answer: •The time delay between sending and receiving data across a
network-Represents how long it takes for a packet to travel from the source
to the destination-Measured in milliseconds (ms)-Expected and normal
◍ site-to-site VPN.
Answer: VPN that requires network hardware like a router or firewall to
create and maintain the connection
◍ Access Control List (ACL).
Answer: A basic form of firewall protection involving a list of permissions
attached to an object
◍ Fixed Lens.
Answer: common in mini domes, modular cameras, and multi-sensors- has
fixed focal length (can not zoom)
◍ star topology.
Answer: the most common networking topology in today's LANs, where all
networking devices connect to a central switch or hub; includes twisted-pair
cables with modular plugs which are used to connect the computers and
other networking devices
, ◍ Layer 5 (OSI Model).
Answer: •Session Layer-Manages connections between machines-Handles
all sessions for a system-Initiates sessions, accepts incoming sessions, and
opens,closes existing sessions-No protocols are dedicated to this layer-The
PDU is data
◍ Operational Technology (OT).
Answer: •The hardware and software systems used to monitor, control, and
automate industrial operations-Traffic lights, electric grids, manufacturing
plants-Use network segmentation for security
◍ Non-overlapping chanels.
Answer: •Channels that do not interfere with each other because their
frequency ranges (bandwidth) do not overlap-Minimizes interference and
improves Wi-Fi performance, especially in environments with many
wireless devices
◍ Layer 3 (OSI Model).
Answer: •Network Layer-Creates/addresses packets so they can go from one
network to another(IP)-Responsible for the delivery of data to its final
destination-Routers/IP operate on this level-The PDU are packets
◍ Peer-to-Peer.
Answer: In what type of network is there no dedicated server and each mode
on the network is an equal resource for sharing and receiving information?
◍ hub (multiport repeater).
Answer: device that broadcasts the data it receives to all devices connected
to its ports
◍ PoE +.
Answer: up to 30W
◍ Proxy Server.
Answer: •An intermediary server that sits between a client (such as a
computer or smartphone) and the internet-Handles requests from the client,
