NR 509 Final Exam Questions with Correct
ANSWERS | Latest Update
Know that in a 47-year-old man ED is usually ___________ rather than testosterone - ANSWERS💫✔️-
psychologic
Erectile dysfunction may be from psychogenic causes, especially if - ANSWERS💫✔️-early morning
erection is preserved.
it may also reflect decreased testosterone, decreased blood flow in the hypogastric arterial system,
impaired neural innervation, and diabetes
When performing a breast exam, know what abnormal masses should do when the arm -
ANSWERS💫✔️-may be fixed to skin or underlying tissues (may cause dimpling of skin or retraction when
arms are lifted over head or hands are pressed against hips)
Fibroadenoma and cysts mobility - ANSWERS💫✔️-very mobile/mobile
Know that a high proportion of breast masses are noted during ________ - ANSWERS💫✔️-BSE
Breast stage 1 - ANSWERS💫✔️-preadolescent- elevation of nipple only
Breast stage 2 - ANSWERS💫✔️-breast bud stage- elevation of breast and nipple as a small mound;
enlargement of areolar diameter
breast stage 3 - ANSWERS💫✔️-further enlargement of elevation of breast and areola, with no
separation of their contours
breast stage 4 - ANSWERS💫✔️-projection of areola and nipple to form a secondary mound above the
level of breast
, breast stage 5 - ANSWERS💫✔️-mature stage- projection of nipple only; areola has receded to general
contour of the breast (although in some individuals the areola continues to form a secondary mound)
Know where pain is located with pancreatitis: acute - ANSWERS💫✔️-epigastric, may radiation straight to
the back of other areas of the abdomen; 20% with severe sequelae of organ failure
Know where pain is located with pancreatitis: chronic - ANSWERS💫✔️-epigastric, radiating to back
Know how hepatitis A is transmitted - ANSWERS💫✔️-Transmitted through fecal-oral route. Fecal
shedding followed by poor handwashing contaminates water and foods leading to infection of
household and sexual contacts
Stress incontinence - ANSWERS💫✔️-the urethral sphincter is weakened so that transient increases in
intra-abdominal pressure raise the bladder pressure to levels that exceed urethral resistance. Causes
include childbirth and surgery, postmenopausal atrophy of the mucosa, and urethral infection. May
follow prostate surgery in men.
urge incontinence - ANSWERS💫✔️-detrusor contractions are stronger than normal and overcome the
normal urethral resistance. The bladder is typically small. Mechanisms: Decreased cortical inhibition of
detrusor contractions from stroke, brain tumor, dementia, and lesions of the spinal cord above sacral
level. Also hyperexcitability of sensory pathways ie: bladder infections, tumors, and fecal impaction.
Deconditioning of voiding reflexes ie: frequent voluntary voiding at low bladder volumes.
overflow incontinence - ANSWERS💫✔️-detrusor contractions are insufficient to overcome urethral
resistance, causing urinary retention. The bladder is typically flaccid and large, even after an effort to
void. Mechanisms: obstruction of the bladder outlet ie: BPH or tumor. Weakness of the detrusor muscle
associated with peripheral nerve disease at S2-4 level. Impaired bladder sensation that interrupts the
reflex arc ie: diabetic neuropathy.
functional incontinence - ANSWERS💫✔️-the patient is functionally able to reach the toilet in time
because of impaired health or environmental conditions. Mechanism: problems in mobility resulting
from weakness, arthritis, poor vision, or other conditions. Also environmental factors such as an
unfamiliar setting, distant bathroom facilities, bed rails, or physical restraints.
ANSWERS | Latest Update
Know that in a 47-year-old man ED is usually ___________ rather than testosterone - ANSWERS💫✔️-
psychologic
Erectile dysfunction may be from psychogenic causes, especially if - ANSWERS💫✔️-early morning
erection is preserved.
it may also reflect decreased testosterone, decreased blood flow in the hypogastric arterial system,
impaired neural innervation, and diabetes
When performing a breast exam, know what abnormal masses should do when the arm -
ANSWERS💫✔️-may be fixed to skin or underlying tissues (may cause dimpling of skin or retraction when
arms are lifted over head or hands are pressed against hips)
Fibroadenoma and cysts mobility - ANSWERS💫✔️-very mobile/mobile
Know that a high proportion of breast masses are noted during ________ - ANSWERS💫✔️-BSE
Breast stage 1 - ANSWERS💫✔️-preadolescent- elevation of nipple only
Breast stage 2 - ANSWERS💫✔️-breast bud stage- elevation of breast and nipple as a small mound;
enlargement of areolar diameter
breast stage 3 - ANSWERS💫✔️-further enlargement of elevation of breast and areola, with no
separation of their contours
breast stage 4 - ANSWERS💫✔️-projection of areola and nipple to form a secondary mound above the
level of breast
, breast stage 5 - ANSWERS💫✔️-mature stage- projection of nipple only; areola has receded to general
contour of the breast (although in some individuals the areola continues to form a secondary mound)
Know where pain is located with pancreatitis: acute - ANSWERS💫✔️-epigastric, may radiation straight to
the back of other areas of the abdomen; 20% with severe sequelae of organ failure
Know where pain is located with pancreatitis: chronic - ANSWERS💫✔️-epigastric, radiating to back
Know how hepatitis A is transmitted - ANSWERS💫✔️-Transmitted through fecal-oral route. Fecal
shedding followed by poor handwashing contaminates water and foods leading to infection of
household and sexual contacts
Stress incontinence - ANSWERS💫✔️-the urethral sphincter is weakened so that transient increases in
intra-abdominal pressure raise the bladder pressure to levels that exceed urethral resistance. Causes
include childbirth and surgery, postmenopausal atrophy of the mucosa, and urethral infection. May
follow prostate surgery in men.
urge incontinence - ANSWERS💫✔️-detrusor contractions are stronger than normal and overcome the
normal urethral resistance. The bladder is typically small. Mechanisms: Decreased cortical inhibition of
detrusor contractions from stroke, brain tumor, dementia, and lesions of the spinal cord above sacral
level. Also hyperexcitability of sensory pathways ie: bladder infections, tumors, and fecal impaction.
Deconditioning of voiding reflexes ie: frequent voluntary voiding at low bladder volumes.
overflow incontinence - ANSWERS💫✔️-detrusor contractions are insufficient to overcome urethral
resistance, causing urinary retention. The bladder is typically flaccid and large, even after an effort to
void. Mechanisms: obstruction of the bladder outlet ie: BPH or tumor. Weakness of the detrusor muscle
associated with peripheral nerve disease at S2-4 level. Impaired bladder sensation that interrupts the
reflex arc ie: diabetic neuropathy.
functional incontinence - ANSWERS💫✔️-the patient is functionally able to reach the toilet in time
because of impaired health or environmental conditions. Mechanism: problems in mobility resulting
from weakness, arthritis, poor vision, or other conditions. Also environmental factors such as an
unfamiliar setting, distant bathroom facilities, bed rails, or physical restraints.
