NUR 529 Study Guide Questions with 100%
Correct Answers
3 stages of hemostasis
1. vascular constriction
2. formation of platelet plug
3. blood coagulation
Bleeding associated with platelet disorders reflects:
decrease in platelet number because of:
1. decreased production (bone marrow dysfunction)
2. increased destruction (thrombocytopenia)
3. impaired function of platelets (thrombocytopathia)
Spontaneous bleeding from platelet disorders often involve
small vessels of mucus membranes and skin:
mucus membranes of nose, mouth, GI tract, and uterine cavity
petechiae is seen exclusively with
conditions of platelet deficiency
**not platelet dysfunction
thrombocytopenia
Platelet < 150,000
can result from:
1. decrease in platelet production
,2. increased sequestration of platelets in spleen
3. decreased platelet survival
Four primary causes of anemia
1. excessive loss of RBC from bleeding
2. destruction (hemolysis) of RBC
3. Defective RBC production
4. Inadequate RBC production because of bone marrow failure
characteristics of RBC in iron deficiency anemia
microcytic and hypochromic
characteristics of RBC in megablastic anemai
macrocytic and misshaped
characteristics of RBC in sickle cell disease
abnormally shaped
blood loss anemia is characterized by
loss of iron containing blood cells in body
hemolytic anemia is characterized by
destruction of RBC in the body with iron being retained
Reason for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in adults
inadequate iron available for recycling:
-men/postmenopausal women: GI bleed from peptic ulcer, vascular lesions, intestinal polyps,
hemorrhoids, or cancer
, -women childbearing age: menstruation
-pregnant women: fetal development increases iron requirements for erythropoiesis
Reason for IDA in children
blood volume increases with greater need for iron (proportionally higher in infancy between
3-24 months):
low iron levels at birth because of maternal deficiency and a diet consisting mainly of cow's
milk (low in absorbable iron)
Clinical Course of Infectious Mononucleosis
-onset is insidious
-incubation period (from exposure to the development of symptoms) 4-6 weeks
-prodromal period (early stage/symptom presentation) lasts for several days and characterized
by malaise, anorexia, and chills--> precedes onset of fever, pharyngitis, and
lymphadenopathy
-acute phase lasts 2-3 weeks with recovery occurring rapidly
-debility and lethargy may persist for 2-3 months
most common complication of infectious mononucleosis
splenomegaly (50-60% cases)
spleen enlarged 2-3 times normal size
rupture is rare; educate to avoid contact sports
diagnosing infectious mononucleosis
monospot testing for heterophile antibodies (hallmark)
IgM and IgG increased early in disease
Correct Answers
3 stages of hemostasis
1. vascular constriction
2. formation of platelet plug
3. blood coagulation
Bleeding associated with platelet disorders reflects:
decrease in platelet number because of:
1. decreased production (bone marrow dysfunction)
2. increased destruction (thrombocytopenia)
3. impaired function of platelets (thrombocytopathia)
Spontaneous bleeding from platelet disorders often involve
small vessels of mucus membranes and skin:
mucus membranes of nose, mouth, GI tract, and uterine cavity
petechiae is seen exclusively with
conditions of platelet deficiency
**not platelet dysfunction
thrombocytopenia
Platelet < 150,000
can result from:
1. decrease in platelet production
,2. increased sequestration of platelets in spleen
3. decreased platelet survival
Four primary causes of anemia
1. excessive loss of RBC from bleeding
2. destruction (hemolysis) of RBC
3. Defective RBC production
4. Inadequate RBC production because of bone marrow failure
characteristics of RBC in iron deficiency anemia
microcytic and hypochromic
characteristics of RBC in megablastic anemai
macrocytic and misshaped
characteristics of RBC in sickle cell disease
abnormally shaped
blood loss anemia is characterized by
loss of iron containing blood cells in body
hemolytic anemia is characterized by
destruction of RBC in the body with iron being retained
Reason for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in adults
inadequate iron available for recycling:
-men/postmenopausal women: GI bleed from peptic ulcer, vascular lesions, intestinal polyps,
hemorrhoids, or cancer
, -women childbearing age: menstruation
-pregnant women: fetal development increases iron requirements for erythropoiesis
Reason for IDA in children
blood volume increases with greater need for iron (proportionally higher in infancy between
3-24 months):
low iron levels at birth because of maternal deficiency and a diet consisting mainly of cow's
milk (low in absorbable iron)
Clinical Course of Infectious Mononucleosis
-onset is insidious
-incubation period (from exposure to the development of symptoms) 4-6 weeks
-prodromal period (early stage/symptom presentation) lasts for several days and characterized
by malaise, anorexia, and chills--> precedes onset of fever, pharyngitis, and
lymphadenopathy
-acute phase lasts 2-3 weeks with recovery occurring rapidly
-debility and lethargy may persist for 2-3 months
most common complication of infectious mononucleosis
splenomegaly (50-60% cases)
spleen enlarged 2-3 times normal size
rupture is rare; educate to avoid contact sports
diagnosing infectious mononucleosis
monospot testing for heterophile antibodies (hallmark)
IgM and IgG increased early in disease
